Survey Adjustments
The difference between geodetic azimuth and grid azimuth in conformal projections.
What is the Convergence angle (mapping angle).
The standard 100‑link chain historically used in surveying.
What is the Gunter's chain?
A digital surface composed of triangular facets connecting irregular elevation points.
What is a TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network).
The process of distributing misclosure around a traverse in proportion to segment length.
What is the Bowditch (compass) adjustment.
The instrument that measures angles in both the horizontal and vertical planes (not distances).
What is a theodolite?
Laser sampling from an aircraft to create high‑resolution elevation models.
What is LiDAR?
The adjustment method that uses observation weights from instrument precision and redundancy.
What is the Least squares adjustment.
A total station combines a theodolite with this distance technology.
What is EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement)?
This file encodes elevations and breaklines for civil design interchange.
What is LandXML?