3.1 - The Rock Cycle
3.2 - Igneous
3.3 - Sedimentary
3.4 - Metamorphic
3.1-3.4 Vocab
100
All of the energy that drive's Earth's rock cycle comes from ______________________________________________.
earth's interior and the sun
100
How do intrusive igneous rocks form?
when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface
100
What is erosion?
weathering and the removal of rock
100
Metamorphism means _________________________.
to change form
100
The word igneous comes from the Latin word ignis. What does ignis mean?
fire
200
What is a rock?
any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet
200
Which of the following is an example of an extrusive igneous rock? a. coal b. granite c. rhyolite d. shale
a. rhyolite
200
Which of the following is only found in sedimentary rocks? a. magma b. fossils c. basaltic composition d. lava
fossils
200
What are the three agents of metamorphism?
heat, pressure, hydrothermal solutions
200
In igneous rocks, glassy texture refers to _______________ _______________________________________________.
lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals
300
What is the process in which rocks are physically or chemically broken down by water, air, and living things to produce sediment?
weathering
300
Slow cooling produces igneous rocks with large crystals and a(n) ________________ texture.
coarse-grained
300
Limestone is an example of _________________________.
a biochemical sedimentary rock
300
Large-scale folding of rock during the process of mountain building is characteristic of a(n) ________________ metamorphism setting.
regional
300
How is a conglomerate rock formed?
compaction and cementation
400
Sediment is made up of ____________________________.
weathered pieces of earth materials
400
A rock that is mostly plagioclase feldspar and 25% dark silicate minerals has what type of composition?
andesitic
400
What is the correct order of the processes responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
400
A foliated metamorphic rock forms when crystals ________________________________________________.
combine but do not form bands
400
What rock-forming process occurs when hot magma forces its way into rock?
contact metamorphism
500
Explain the rock cycle.
Interactions among Earth's water, air, and land causes rocks to change from one type to another. Igneous rock forms when magma and lava cools. Igneous rocks are broken down into sediments, compacted, and cemented and as time passes form into sedimentary rocks. Heat and pressure of the sedimentary rock forms a metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock becomes an igneous rock when it is buried deep beneath Earth's surface and melts into magma.
500
What kind of composition does a rock that contains mostly pyroxene and olivine (very dark and green) contain?
ultramafic
500
Because of the way they form, limestone and chert are classified as _______________ sedimentary rocks.
chemical
500
What two things can a metamorphic rock be classified by?
texture and composition
500
Define basaltic composition.
rocks with many dark silicate minerals and plagioclase feldspar (and are rich in the elements of magnesium and iron)
M
e
n
u