The Earth's Layers
Definition of mineral
Properties of minerals
Rocks(1)
Rocks (2)
100
Which layer is marked yellow?
Mantle
100
What conditions must a material meet to be considered a mineral?
Be solid.
Be homogeneous.
Be natural.
Have an inorganic origin.
100
Which property are they examining?
The color of the streak.
100
What are the three main types of rocks?
Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.
100
By which processes are metamorphic rocks formed?
Through metamorphism.
200
What are the outermost layers of the Earth (the thinnest ones in the image)?
Continental crust and ocean crust.
200
Is the gneiss shown in the picture a mineral?
No, because it does not have a homogeneous chemical composition.
200
Is the structure in the picture a crystal?
Yes, because the atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern.
200
What material is needed to form an igneous rock?
What must happen to that material to become an igneous rock?
MAGMA, and it must cool and solidify.
200
What material is needed to form a sedimentary rock?
What process must it undergo?
Sediments, and they undergo lithification or diagenesis.
300
Between which two layers would you place a depth of 2900 km?
Between the mantle and the core.
300
Is the sulfur (S) shown in the picture a mineral?
Yes, because it meets all the characteristics to be considered a mineral.
300
Which property stands out in the picture? What type is it?
Cleavage is visible, and it cleaves in sheets.
300
The rock in the picture is igneous and has well-formed crystals. How was it formed? What type is it?
It cooled slowly, underground, in an area with a lot of magma (a pluton). It is a plutonic igneous rock.
300
The igneous rock in the picture has no crystals. What can we say about its formation process?
It cooled quickly on the surface, and therefore it didn’t have time to form crystals.
400
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE:
The greater the depth, the ...................... the temperature.
HIGHER
400
Amber is a fossilized plant resin, usually from conifers. Is it a mineral?
No, it is not a mineral because it has an organic origin.
400
Which property are they examining in the picture? What does it mean if a mineral's hardness is 2.5 on the Mohs scale?
PROPERTY: hardness
VALUE: 2 or less
400
Do metamorphic rocks form only from sedimentary rocks? Is this true? Explain.
No, they can also form from igneous rocks, and one metamorphic rock can transform into another.
400
Can magma become sedimentary rock? Justify your answer.
Yes, for that it must cool and become igneous rock. Then it breaks down and becomes sediment. Finally, through lithification, it can become sedimentary rock.
500
Which layer has the highest density? Why?
The core, because the materials with the highest density sank to the center of the Earth when everything was in a liquid state.
500
Coltan is composed of the minerals columbite and tantalite. Is coltan a mineral?
No, because it does not have a homogeneous chemical composition. It consists of two different components (minerals), columbite and tantalite.
500
What are the COLOR and LUSTER of the quartz shown in the picture?
COLOR: transparent or white
LUSTER: glassy (vitreous)
500
Following the rock cycle... what path must a metamorphic rock take to become an igneous rock?
First, it must melt and become magma. After that, it must cool and solidify to become an igneous rock.
500
Following the rock cycle... what path must an igneous rock take to become a different igneous rock?
An igneous rock must melt, becoming magma. After that, the magma cools and solidifies to form a different igneous rock.