The Aging Process
2 components on CMP that are markers of malnutrition if low
albumin and cholesterol
what is the only way to definitively diagnose Alzheimer's disease?
autopsy (beta-amyloid and tau proteins in brain tissue)
Who do you refer patients to if you are concerned about their driving safety?
Occupational Therapy (OT)
1st line med class for glaucoma
prostaglandin analogs (Latanoprost)
3 MC bacteria that cause community acquired PNA
Strep pneumo
H flu
M cat
best documented and proven biological marker of aging
telomere length
artery blocked in a stroke with contralateral paralysis of face arm hand, and aphasia
MCA
USPSTF screening guidelines for lung cancer
annual LDCT in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years
only med for Alzheimer's that works across ALL stages of disease
Donepezil (Aricept)
MC cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage
aneurysm rupture (congenital berry)
biggest fear of the normal aging process by those who are aging
loss of independence (being stuck in a nursing home)
1st and 2nd MC missed surgical emergency in elderly
1st - appendicitis
2nd - SBO
cardinal sign of potential illness in the elderly
abrupt change in functional or mental status
ABX combo for outpatient elderly community PNA if PCN allergy
Cefdinir + (Azithro or Doxy)
MC cause of secondary HTN
kidney disease (CKD and renal artery stenosis)
2 inflammatory markers elevated in frailty pathophysiology
IL-6 and CRP
CURB-65 for CAP (and what score do we hospitalize them at?)
Confusion
BUN>19
RR>30
BP<90/60
age 65
hospitalize >/= 2
USPSTF AAA screening guidelines
one-time ABD US for men 65-75 who have ever smoked (or have fam Hx of AAA)
number of meds needed for polypharmacy
more than 4
Leading causes of death in the elderly (1st, 2nd, and 3rd)
1st - Heart Disease
2nd - Cancer
3rd - CVA/Stroke
one-time ABD US for men 65-75 who have ever smoked (or have fam Hx of AAA)
physical activity and nutrition
HR, Temp, RR, and WBC for sepsis/SIRS
HR>90
Temp >38 or <36
RR>20
WBC >12 or <4
2 big infections common in long-term care settings
pneumonia and urosepsis
diabetes med class to avoid per Beers criteria
Sulfonylureas (they have the highest risk of hypoglycemia)
MC med not started that needed to be in disease based on START trial
Statins in ASCVD