KEY TERMS
This term describes a loose association of states that retain some control over their own policies.
What is a Confederation?
How many states made up the German Confederation established in 1815?
What is 39?
This city was the meeting place of the national parliament elected during the 1848 revolutions.
What is Frankfurt?
In what year was the Zollverein customs union officially founded?
What is 1834?
Bismarck was appointed Minister-President of Prussia in this year.
What is 1862?
his economic term, meaning "leave it alone," described the liberal belief that trade should function without government interference.
What is Laissez-faire?
This Austrian foreign minister created a system designed to suppress liberalism and nationalism across Europe.
Who is Prince Klemens von Metternich?
The revolutions of 1848 were triggered in part by two consecutive years of bad harvests in these years.
What are 1846 and 1847?
This country notably refused to join the Zollverein, preferring to protect its domestic industries with high import duties.
What is Austria?
This famous phrase from Bismarck's 1862 speech summed up his belief that military power, not debate, would decide the great questions of the time.
What is "iron and blood"?
This word describes the ultimate political authority within a state.
What is Sovereignty?
These 1819 decrees censored the press, supervised universities, and created a commission to root out liberal organizations
What are the Carlsbad Decrees?
Friedrich Wilhelm IV famously refused the offer of the German imperial crown, saying he would not pick up a crown from this location.
What is the gutter?
By the 1850s the Zollverein had made Germany the fourth largest economy, ranking behind Britain, France, and this country.
What is Belgium?
Bismarck secretly concluded a treaty with this country in April 1866, committing it to join Prussia in going to war with Austria within three months.
What is Italy?
These student organizations developed after 1815 to promote German nationality, freedom, and civil rights.
What are the Burschenschaften?
The Diet of the German Confederation always had its meetings chaired by a representative from this country.
What is Austria?
This is the term for the proposed large Germany that would include German-speaking regions of Austria and be dominated by Austria.
What is Grossdeutschland?
Prussia abolished this many internal customs barriers in 1818 to promote free trade within its own territory.
What is 67?
At this 1866 battle in Bohemia, Prussia decisively defeated Austria in the Seven Weeks' War.
What is the Battle of Königgrätz (Sadova)?
This term describes money that one country must pay another as compensation for war damage.
What are Reparations?
This writer popularized the concept of Volksgeist, the idea that each nation had its own identity based on shared heritage and language
Who is J.G. Herder?
The Frankfurt Parliament's weakness was exposed when Prussia signed a truce with Denmark over these two disputed territories without consulting parliament.
What is Schleswig-Holstein
This Prussian Minister-President from 1850 to 1858 promoted economic and social reforms, including low-interest loans for peasants, without making concessions to radicals seeking democracy.
Who is Otto von Manteuffel?
Bismarck manipulated this telegram in July 1870, editing it to make France appear as the aggressive party and help provoke the Franco-Prussian War.
What is the Ems Telegram?