I
ACh is transported from a neuron at the neuromuscular junction by what method
vesicular transport
what are the functions of the integumentary system
protection against toxins & environmental factors
Vit D synethesis
temperature maintenance
sensory organ
maintains moisture
Atoms that are bound together act differently - true or false
true
Intensity of the stimulus determines the intensity of the action potential
False
What are the functions of the muscular system
movement
heat production
stability of joints
posture
circulation of fluids
Oxygen rich blood is moving into oxygen depleted blood is due to
diffusion
what is the sum total of all chemical reactions which sustain life
metabolism
which cellular structure increase surface area and assist with absorption
microvilli
in an attempt to equalize water on both sides of a membrane, water passes through the membrane by
osmosis
A muscle contraction when the fibers do not change in length or joint position
isometric
When sodium moves across a cell membrane against concentration gradient and requires energy:
Active transport
ATP is produced by what metabolic cycle?
Aerobic Respiration
What are common causes of inflammation
infection, fever, blood clot, broken bone, acute burns, edema, injury
Filtration moves from _____ concentration to _____ concentration
high to low
Bones are a storage reservoir for which 2 minerals
Calcium and phosphate
This muscle fiber generates a lot of force but fatigues quickly
Fast fiber twitch
Do meiosis and mitosis both produce daughter cells?
yes
however, they differ in the number of daughter cells produced and their genetic makeup. Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis yields four genetically unique daughter cells
What is released from a muscle cell (from the sarcoplasm reticulum) when it depolarizes before an action potential
calcium
Which tissue heals quickly yet does not have blood vessels in it's layers
epithelial
What is the area of skin that is innervated by a specific sensory nerve segment
dermatome
Which cellular division duplicates all chromosomes
mitosis
A motor unit is
a motor nerve innervates muscles fibers, exciting or relaxing, to generate movement
What are affects of massage on the muscular system
broadening muscles
relaxing muscles
shortening or lengthing muscles
returning muscles to resting state
Which cellular division duplicates 1/2 the parent chromosomes
meiosis
what is the physiology of inflammation that causes swelling
mast cells release histamine
blood vessels dilate
increased local circulation of blood
increased fluid in the interstitial space
skin color depends on the concentration of the cellular pigment __________
melanin
Aging affects the joints of the skeletal system because
hydration decreases,
arthritis increases,
weakened supporting joint structures
All stimuli are ineffective unless it depolarizes the membrane
True
Anaerobic cellular respiration is
cellular respiration which does not require oxygen
What organic compound provides energy to break actin-myosin cross bridges during muscle contraction
ATP
Which causes of inflammation would contraindicate massage?
blot clot, fever, infection, boi, broken bone, acute burns
Aging can effect skin which is important for Massage Therapists because
skin can be dehydrated
be thin and tear easily
become bruised easily
Joint movement is possible by
shape of the joint
direction of muscle fibers
structures that cross the joint
tone of the opposing muscles
Think: She Plays Relaxed Angles= Shape of joint, Pliability of structures that cross the joint, Relaxation of opposing muscles, Angle (direction) of muscle fibers
What affects the force of muscle contraction
recruitment
type of muscle fibers
type of leverage
frequency of motor nerve stimulation
Examples of positive feedback loops are
childbirth
lactation
blood clotting
Ovulation
Negative feedback loop examples are
hydration
blood pressure
blood sugar
thermoregulation
thyroid regulation