How Many Meals?
How many סעודות do you need on סוכות?
According to...
ר' אליעזר
חכמים
According to...
ר' אליעזר... you need 14, 1 per day, and 1 per night
חכמים... you just need 1... the first night!
Is there a "requirement" to eat bread in the סוכה everyday of סוכות?
No... just like פסח... after the first night eating מצה (or bread in the סוכה), you're יוצא
But the גר"א says you get bonus points... so why not??!
What do the words חול המועד literally mean?
The weekday of the holiday
רַבִּי אֶלִיעֶזֶר אְוֹמֵר אַרְבָּע עֶשְׂרֵה סְעוּדוֹת חַיָיב אַדָם לֶאֶכוֹל בְּסוּכָּה , אַחַת בְּיוֹם וְאַחַת בְּלַילָה. וְחַכָמִים אְוֹמְרִים אֵין לְדַבָר קִצְבָּה חְוּץ מִלֵילִי יו״ט רִאְשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג בִּלְבַד.
Gemara Sukkah (Page 1)
R' Eliezer says to have 14 סְעוּדוֹת, meals, on Sukkos, one every day, one every night.
But the Chachamim say אֵין לְדַבָר קִצְבָּה, there's no limit, but make sure you have the first night בִּלְבַד, by itself (at least).
Why do the חכמים say you need just one סעודה the first night?
There's a גזירה שווה ט"ו ט"ו from פסח... both holidays are on the 15th
What's the one thing to remember ערב סוכות afternoon, from about חצות and on?
DON'T EAT A LOT!!!
Make sure you're hungry to eat in the סוכה that night!
Is מלאכה אסור on חול המועד?
נֶאֶמַר כַּאן "חַמִשָׁה עָשָׂר" וְנֶאֶמַר "חַמִשָׁה עָשָׂר בְּחַג הַמַצְוֹת". מַה לְהַלָן לַילָה הַרִאשְׁוֹן חְוֹבָה, מִכַּאן וְאֵילָךְ רְשׁוּת. וְהָתָם מִנָלָן? אָמַר קְרָא (שְׁמוֹת יב:יח) "בְּעֶרֶב תְּאוֹכְלוּ מַצְוֹת" הַכָּתוּב קְבָעוּ חְוֹבָה.
Gemara Sukkah (Page 2)
It says כַּאן, here (about Sukkos) 15(th of Tishrei), and it says by Pesach 15(th of Nissan).
מַה לְהַלָן, just as over there (by Pesach), you have to eat the first night, but אֵילָךְ, onward, it's option, we say the same thing by Sukkos.
וְהָתָם, and over there (Pesach), how do we know you have to eat the first night? Pasuk!
How do we know that you have to eat a כזית of מצה on סדר night?
Because of the פסוק that says... בערב תאכלו מצות
You gotta eat bread in the סוכה the first night!
What's the earliest time to start this מצוה?
What's the latest time to start (and you'd even have to go out in the pouring rain/snow)?
The מצוה starts at צאת, about 50 minutes after שקיעה, sunset
Make sure to start before חצות הלילה, halachic midnight
What are the 3 ways the משנה ברורה suggests to make חול המועד like a יו"ט?
1. Nice food (bonus points for that bread meal!)
2. Nice drinks (bring out the soda!)
3. Nice clothes
וְלֹא יֹאכַל בְּלַילָה הַרִאשׁוֹנָה עַד שֶׁיְהֵא וַדַאי לַילָה. וְיֹאכַל קֹדֶם חַצוֹת לַילָה. וְלֹא יֹאכַל בְּיוֹם מֵחַצוֹת וְאֵילָךְ כְּדֵי שֶׁיֹאכַל בַּסֻכָּה לְתֵּאָבוֹן, דוּמְיָא דְאַכִילַת מַצָה.
Rema (Page 3)
3 more rules learned through גזירה שווה
1. Don't eat first night until it's וַדַאי, definitely, dark (צאת about 50 minutes after sundown)
2. Start meal before חַצוֹת, midnight
3. Don't eat on Erev Sukkos from midday כְּדֵי, in order, that you can eat Sukkos night with an appetite, דוּמְיָא , similar, to eating on Erev Pesach.
3.
What does the גר"א teach us about eating מצה on פסח?
Does this law get air-dropped to סוכות?
One פסוק says שבעת ימים תאכלו מצות, but we know the חיוב is only the first night because from another פסוק saying בערב תאכלו מצות
Must be... the rest of פסח, you get a מצוה בעלמע (brownie points!)
The משנה ברורה isn't sure if this law gets air-dropped to סוכות... best to try having a bread meal in the סוכה every day of סוכות
Give 3 reasons why it's best to eat a bread meal every day of סוכות in the סוכה
1. The משנה ברורה says the גר"א from פסח might apply on סוכות
2. We're supposed to treat חול המועד like יו"ט by eating nice foods... the main form of eating (according to the תורה) is bread!
3. ר' אליעזר says in the משנה to have 14 different meals over סוכות... one in the morning, and one at night!
What part of יו"ט are the words 'אלה מועדי ה talking about?
How do we know that?
The תורה already told us that the first and last day are שבתון (a complete rest)... so it must mean that חול המועד is one of the מועדי ה...
חול המועד is really a יו"ט!
דְמִצְוַת עַשֵׂה הְוּא רַק בְּעֶרֶב, מַה שְׁאֵין כֵן אַחַר כַךְ, הְוּא רַק מִצְוָה בְּעַלְמָא, אֶפְשָׁר דְהוּא הַדִין הָכָא, מִצְוָה לְכַתְחִילָה לְאֶכוֹל פַּת כֹּל שִׁבְעָה יְמִים וּלְבָרֵךְ ׳לֵישֵׁב בְּסֻכָּה׳
Mishnah Berurah (page 4)
The command to eat matzah on Pesach is only the first night, מַה שְׁאֵין כֵן, it's different, the rest of Pesach, (it's only optional... with brownie points!)
Maybe הוּא הַדִין הָכָא, it's the same law here (by Sukkos), and לְכַתְחִילָה, best case scenario, we should eat a bread meal all 7 days of Sukkos.