Lung Cancer
Histopathology shows intercellular bridges and keratin pearls.
what is squamous cell carcinoma?
salt and pepper chromatin found in neuroendocrine tumors
what is neuroendrocrine kultchitsky cells?
Name the 5 WHO PHTN Groups
1. Pulmonary arterial HTN, 2. Left-sided heart disease, 3. Chronic lung disease, 4. Chronic thromboembolic Pulmonary HTN (CTEPH), 5. Miscellaneous or mixed causes
23 y/o cant stop crying. You look into an endoscope to see if the nasolacrimal duct is blocked. Into which part of the nasal cavity would ou look to see the opening of the duct?
what is Inferior meatus?
the muscle most responsible for the abduction of the vocal folds is the
what is posterior cricoarytenoid?
Glandular tumor with mucin-producing cells
what is Adenocarcinoma?
Tumor in my mediastinum caused upper venous congestion-->edema of upper extremities, neck, and face. I have JVD, stridor, dyspnea, cough, and dysphagia.
what is SVC syndrome?
Presentation: hypoxemia, paradoxical embolus, brain abscess, hemoptysis
Pathophysiology: abnormal connection between PA and PV, low resistance and high flow, creates a R to L shunt
What is Pulmonary AV malformations?
The middle nasal concha is what part of what bone?
what is ethmoid bone?
constrictor muscles of the pharynx receive their motor nerve supply from the
what is the vagus nerve?
accounts for 1-2% of all lung cancers but are most common primary lung cancer in children and adolescents
what is Bronchial carcinoid tumor?
name 4 lung cancer diagnostics you would need to have done
what is CXR, Chest CT, PET, Biopsy?
Digital clubbing is most common in what lung disease?
What is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
the pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids, may become inflamed and in serious cases need to be removed. Where would the physicians search for them?
what is in the roof of the nasopharynx?
In performing a thyroidectomy, caution should be exercised when ligating the inferior thyroid artery, as it lies in a very close relationship to what nerve?
what is recurrent laryngeal?
this lung cancer causes cavitary lesions arising from hilar bronchus, is strongly associated with smoking, and may cause an increase in PTHrP (resulting in hypercalcemia)
3 mutations are associated with adenocarcinoma od the lung
What is EFGR gene, ALK gene, KRAS gene?
usually from trauma, air in plueral space but cannot leave, trachea deviates AWAY from the affected side
what is a tension pneumothorax?
In assessing a deep laceration of the right side of the nose, the attending physician determines that the cartilage on the lateral side of the nostril has been cut. what cartilage was injured?
what is alar cartilage? (located surrounding the nostrils on the inferolateral side of nose)
A patient is brought into the ER in respiratory distress. It is quickly decided to create an emergency airway to restore respiration. At what level could you rapidly create an airway below the vocal cords with a minimum danger of hemorrhage?
what is just below the thyroid cartilage?
Causes compression of stellate ganglion resulting in Horner's syndrome
what is Pancoast tumor (NSCLC) that arises from superior sulcus?
Name 3 tumor markers for neuroendocrine tumors
What is Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, Neuron-specific enolase (CD56)?
name 3 common causes of transudates
what is CHF, nephrotic syndrome and cirrhosis?
most paranasal sinuses and/or air cells drain, directly or indirectly into the
what is middle meatus?
following surgery on the upper pole of the right lobe of the thyroid gland, a patient complains of hoarseness and weakness of voice. what nerve may have been injured?
what is the external branch of the superior laryngeal?
Note: it innervates the cricothyroid muscle responsible for elongating the vocal cords.