Geographival and Temporal Location
What was the impact of the Neolithic on the development of villages?
They started building greater cities, becoming great civilizations.
What are the four great agricultural civilizations?
Mesopotamia, Ancient egipt, China and India
What type of governments emerged in ancient India?
The governments were monarchical.
What type of religion did they practice in Mesopotamia?
The Mesopotamians were polytheistic, worshipping many gods and forces of nature
What writing system was used in Mesopotamia?
The cuneiform writing system was used
How was Egypt´s terrytory divided?
It was divided into two, High Egypt on the south. and low egypt on north.
How was society organized in Mesopotamia?
The foundation of Mesopotamian society was the monogamous family. There were three social groups: free men, freedmen, and slaves.
How did the political system function in Mesopotamia?
In Mesopotamia, there was a tendency toward political unification under absolute monarchies. The king or monarch was also the religious leader.
What was the main religious belief in India?
Brahmanism, also known as Hinduism
Describe the writing system in ancient India.
They developed a writing system that has not yet been fully deciphered. In later periods, writing evolved under external influences.
Which rivers were fundamental to the development of Chinese civilization?
The Yellow River (Huang He) and the Yangtze River (Yangzi)
Describe the social structure of ancient India.
Indian society was divided into castes: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors and nobles), Vaishyas (merchants and artisans), and Shudras (slaves and servants). The untouchables (Dalits) were outside the caste system and considered impure.
Explain the relationship between the pharaoh and the government in Ancient Egypt.
The pharaoh was considered a god on Earth, with absolute power. He governed with the support of bureaucrats, priests, and high officials.
Describe Egyptian religion and its relationship with the pharaoh.
Egyptian religion was polytheistic, and the pharaoh was considered a god on Earth.
What were the characteristics of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing?
Hieroglyphic writing used symbols or drawings to represent ideas
Where was India´s peninsula located?
In the south of Asia
What groups made up Chinese society?
In China, society was led by the emperor and his family. Below them were officials, priests, peasants (the majority of the population), and, at the lowest level, slaves
How was power exercised in ancient China?
Power was exercised through the royal family, and the emperor was seen as the father of all Chinese people.
What were Confucius' main teachings in ancient China?
He was all about the importance of having a well-organized and peaceful society.
How did writing evolve in China?
It began with small drawings representing objects, and over time, it evolved into the current Chinese alphabet.
Name the five different cultural establishments in the Mesopotamian region:
Sumerians, Acadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, The new Babylonian empire.
What was the place of peasants and slaves in Egyptian society
Peasants made up the majority of the population, followed by artisans, merchants, and, at the bottom, slaves who performed forced labor.
What role did officials play in these civilizations?
They were responsible for collecting taxes, enforcing laws, and organizing infrastructure projects, such as canals and temples.
What fundamental concept did all these civilizations share regarding religion?
In ancient times, these civilizations believed in and worshipped many gods. This is called polytheism.
What was the importance of writing for these civilizations?
Writing was important for governing, recording laws, and preserving religious and historical records.