GI

Upper Gi

100

LES relaxation=>delayed gastric emptying=>Allow acid to flow up esophagus.

TX:

Diet Changes, AVOID Trigger Foods: Caffeine, Peppermint, Garlic, Onion, Chocolate, Fizzy Drinks, Fatty foods

**No Matcha, No Dubai Chocolate, No Hot Cheetos, No Ivy Cooking**

What is Gerd?

200

Defective Diaphragm allow portion of stomach pass thru into thorax: due to age, obesity, Common in Women

Sliding Hernia

Paraesophageal

CM/TX: similar to GERD

What is Hiatal Hernia?

300

Congenital or Acquired via PUD, Duodenitis, Cancer

CM: Fullness, Pain/Distension, Projectile Vomiting

TX:

Gastric Suction, Treat PUD, Surgery, TPN

What is Pyloric Obstruction?

400

Acute or Chronic

NSAIDs, Unhealthy food, Alcohol, H.Pylori

CM-Postprandial discomfort, N/V

TX-Antacids/PPIs, Antibiotics if H.Pylori

What is Gastritis?

500

Two Diseases:

Ulcer of duodenum/stomach, due to H.Pylori, Alcohol, NSAIDs, Stress. CM=Bleeding, Dull pain

AND

Dumping Syndrome-Gastric emptying into SI=decreases BV

Alkaline Reflux Gastritis-SI into Stomach=damage stomach lining=disrupts mucus barrier.

What is PUD & Post-Gastrectomy Syndrome?

Lower Gi

100

Increase freq defecation + Increase water content; >3x q

What is Diarrhea?

200

Due to low fiber, dehydration, inactivity

Straining & Slow Defecation

Tx:

Fibers, Fruits, Laxatives

What is Constipation?

300

Simple & Functional

Herniation, Intussusception, Torsion, Diverticulosis, Tumor, Paralytic Ileus, Fibrous Adhesions

Small Bowel Obstructions=Altered BS, Colicky Pain, abd distension, vomiting, dehydration, malnourishment, ischemia, perforation

What is Intestinal Obstructions?

400

Gluten triggered immune mediated destruction: Decreased epithelial enzyme release

associated with DM 1 & Autoimmune Thyroiditis

CM=Diarrhea, Steatorrhea, Flatulence, Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Tx:Eliminate Gluten, RICE & CORN IS OKAY

What is Celiac Disease?

500

2 things

Idiopathic & dysregulated immune response

CM:

Abd pain LLQ, Diarrhea, Constipation, Bloody stool, Weight loss

Tx: Aminosalicylates, Corticosteroids, Surgery

AND

Patchy/Skip Lesions; Fistulas & Strictures

CM:

Abd pain RLQ, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Weight loss, Decreased nutrient absoportion

Tx: Aminosalicylates, Corticosteroids, Surgery

What is Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s dx?

Meds

100

2 things

Promote gastric motility

&

Coat Ulcers Promote Healing

Metoclopramide/Reglan

Sucralfate/Carafate

200

2 things

Neutralize gastric Acids

&

Bind H-2 receptors on parietal cells=reduce acid secretion

Antacids/TUMS,Mylanta

&

Famotidine/Pepcid and Cimetidine/Tagamet

300

Irreversibly inhibits proton pumps in parietal cells

Omeprazole/Prilosec, Pantoprazole/Protonix, Lansoprazole/Prevacid

400

Aminosalicylates

Anti-inflammatory meds treat ulcerative colitis & Crohn’s dx=reduce gut inflammation

Mesalamine

&

Sulfasalazine

Intestinal Obstructions

100

Loop of bowl gotten stuck or out of place

What is Herniation?

200

Part of bowel moves forward and telescopes into next section=INCREASE Pressure of folded tissue & narrow intestine line

What is Intussusception?

300

Volvulus & Twisting

AND

Out-pouching/pockets

Torsion & Diverticulosis

400

Ileum Paralyzed, nerve impairment

What is Paralytic Ileus?

500

Due to scare tissue at intestinal lining causing junction btwn intestines.

What is Fibrous Adhesions?

Dysphagia

100

Problem deliver Bolus INTO esophagus

What is Type 1

200

Problem transport bolus down esophagus

What is Type 2

300

Problem Bolus entering stomach

What is type 3

400

Scar tissue-contract of esophagus

&

Push into esophagus due to tumor

&

food stuck in pocket

What is Fibrosis/Compression/Diverticulum?

500

Gap btwn esophagus & stomach (birth defect)

&

Esophagus/Trachea into stomach (birth defect)

&

Peristalsis in esophagus=food collection due to poor mobility

What is Congenital Atresia/Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula/Achalasia