Treatment
First line therapy for GERD
PPI
Which presents with fresh blood in the stool
Lower
Etiology of GERD
Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter and/or increased pressure on the sphincter
How is upper GI bleed diagnosed?
Endoscopy
Bowel obstruction with rapid onset and large amounts of vomiting
Small intestine
Name a medication that is used to treat nausea/vomiting
ondansetron, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, scopolamine
Which presents with tarry black stool
Upper
Acute Upper GI bleeding most common cause:
PUD
Type of scan done to diagnose hiatal hernia
Consistency of stool from ascending or transverse ostomy
Semi-liquid
Lifestyle changes for GERD
True/False:
Gastritis is commonly self-limiting
True
Causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD):
-H. pylori infection
-NSAIDS-15-30% will develop
-Family history, genetic predisposition
-Aspirin
-Smoking, alcohol
Two initial diagnostic test for GI bleed
Endoscopy and colonoscopy
Which type of hiatal hernia is a medical emergency when acute?
Initial treatment basics for upper GI bleed (i.e. before treating underlying cause)? (3)
-High dose of IV PPIs
-Transfusion of blood in patients with severe blood loss
-Transfusion of platelets in patients with abnormal coagulation screens
Which presents with hyperactive bowel sounds
Upper
5 types of drugs which can cause an acute GI bleed
- NSAIDS
- aspirin
- steroids
- thrombolytics
- anticoagulants
Diagnostic for bowel obstruction
abdominal xray or CT
Complications of PUD (3)
Hemorrhage, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction
Two priority assessments for a patient with a GI ostomy
elimination pattern, skin integrity
Two important assessment pieces for a patient at risk for gastric hemorrhage
Blood pressure and heart rate
Define hiatal hernia
Herniation of a portion of the stomach into the esophagus through the opening in the diaphragm
Type of peptic ulcer with crampy pain 2-5 hours after meal
Duodenal
Intervention to decompress after perforation
NG to low intermittent suction