GI system
the GI tract constitutes approximately what percent of the total human body mass
5%
innervation of the GI organs up to the proximal transverse colon is the
celiac plexus
the mucosa is composed of
muscularis mucosa
lamina propia
epithelium
the enteric system is comprised of
myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus
upper GI endoscopy
anesthesia challenges
placed into the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, and duodenum
sharing an airway with endoscopists, procedures performed outside of the main OR
main functions of the GI system
motility, digestion, absorption, excretion, and circulation
innervation of the descending colon and distal GI tract comes from
inferior hypogastric plexus
the muscularis mucosa functions to
move the villi
myenteric plexus is carried out by
enteric neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC cells/GI pacemakers) and smooth muscles
manometry
pressure catheter used to measure the pressures along the entire esophageal length
can also be used in the small intestine to measure contraction pressures
outermost to innnermost layers of the GI tract
serosa, musculosa (longitidinal and circualr muscle), submucosa, mucosa (muscularis mucossa, lamina propria, epithelium)
how can the celiac plexus be blocked
transcural
intraoperative
endoscopic ultrasound-guided
peritoneal lavage
the lamina propria contains what
blood vessels and nerve endings, immune and inflammatory cells
the submucosal plexus controls
barium imaging (upper/lower series)
ingested barium assess swallow and GI transit
barium enema outlines the intestines - allows for detection of colon and rectal anatomical abnormalities
the serosa is a smooth membrane fo thin connctive tissue and cells that
secretes serous fluid to enclose the cavity and reduce friction between muscle movements
where is the myenteric plexus
myenteric - motility
the epithelium is where the GI
Contents are sensed, enzymes are secreted and nutrients are absorbed and waste is excreted
T/F both myenteric and submucosal plexus respond to PSNS and SNS stimulation
true
gastric emptying study
fasted patient (at least 4 hours), consumes meals with radiotracer, continuous imaging for the next 1-2 hours
which two muscle layers work togeteher to propagate gut motility
longitudinal muscle - shortens the length of the intestinal segment
circular muscle layer - contracts to decrease the diameter of the intestinal lumen
the submucosal plexus does what
transmits information from the epithelium to the enteric and CNS systems
GI tract is innervated by the
autonomic nervous system
* extrinsic nervous system (PNS/SNS)
* enteric nervous system (controls motility, secretion, and blood flow)
colonscopy anesthesia challenges
pt dehydration due to bowel prep and NPO Status