Anatomy
Age related changes
Inspection
Auscultation
This and That
100
name three of the landmarks indicated here:
100
Changes in the production of several of these things, leads to a net decrease in appetite
hormones
100
This is the best position to have the resident in for an abdominal inspection
supine
100
start here and move in this direction when auscultating the abdomen
right lower quadrant and move clockwise
100
the approximate depths of palpation for light and deep palpation
light: 2cm
deep: 4-5cm
200
What two structures are found in all four abdominal quadrants?
Small and large intestine
200
Changes in these two senses cause significant changes in some older people's enjoyment of food
smell and taste
200
These are the names for the 4 contours of the abdomen that you might see
Flat
Rounded
Scaphiod
Protuberant
200
this is the name for a loud prolonged gurgle
borborygmus
200
If while palpating you discover this, it is a sign of peritonitis and should be reported
rebound tenderness: upon quick removal of pressure from palpation, the person has an increase in pain
300
In which abdominal quadrant will you find the appendix?
right lower quadrant
300
Name two types of medications that can cause dry mouth (Xerostomia)
Diuretics;
Antihypertensives;
Antibiotics;
Bronchodilators;
Some antidepressants
300
Two types of movements that you might see in the abdomen
pulsations, peristalsis
300
If you think that you are not hearing any bowel sounds, it is recommended that you listen in each quadrant for this long before determining that bowel sounds are absent
5 minutes
300
If a person finds that their food lacks flavour, encourage this instead of salt
use of spices and seasonings
400
This point is an important landmark in determining the point of intersection of the four abdominal quadrants
The navel (umbilicus)
this is the point where the sagittal (vertical) plane intersects the transverse (horizontal) plane.
400
upper and lower esophageal sphincters lose tension, resulting in these feelings (name 2)
feeling that food is not going down, choking, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), reflux and heartburn
400
look for these on the skin when doing a visual inspection (name 2)
rashes, scars, lesions, bulges or masses
400
two reasons why you might hear hyperactive bowel sounds
stomach upset, cramping, after eating, anxiety, gastroenteritis
400
two suggestions that could help with dry mouth
saliva substitutes, avoid alcohol containing mouth washed, sugar free gun or hard candies as appropriate, keep well hydrated, evaluate medications
500
The terms “left/right” and “upper/lower” are always from the perspective of this position
the anatomical position
500
Changes to this digestive system organ results in medications not being deactivated as quickly, increasing the chances of dose related medication side effects
the liver
500
Two non verbal signs of pain
facial expression, position, guarding
500
two reasons that you might hear a bruit
aneurysm, renal artery stenosis, or can just be because your resident is very thin
500
two things to do to prevent constipation
stay well hydrated, high fibre foods - but not without hydration!, physical activity, evaluate for constipating medications