Nutrition
This autoimmune disease is diagnosed with tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies and confirmed with small bowel biopsy.
What is celiac disease?
This vitamin deficiency causes prolonged PT/INR.
What is vitamin K deficiency?
Difficulty initiating a swallow is characteristic of this type of dysphagia.
What is oropharyngeal dysphagia?
This medication class is first-line therapy for uncomplicated GERD.
What is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)?
These are the two most common causes of peptic ulcer disease.
What are Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use?
This condition results from lactase deficiency and causes bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort after dairy consumption.
What is lactose intolerance?
This inherited disorder requires lifelong restriction of phenylalanine.
What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids from symptom onset suggests this type of esophageal disorder.
What is an esophageal motility disorder (or achalasia)?
These symptoms in a patient with GERD warrant prompt upper endoscopy. Name two.
What are alarm symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, GI bleeding, unintentional weight loss, iron deficiency anemia, or persistent vomiting?
This is the preferred noninvasive test used to diagnose active H. pylori infection. (Name one.)
What is a urea breath test or stool antigen test?
This syndrome develops after restarting nutrition in a severely malnourished patient and is characterized by hypophosphatemia.
What is refeeding syndrome?
This vitamin deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia with neurologic symptoms.
What is vitamin B12 deficiency?
This is the gold standard diagnostic test for achalasia.
What is esophageal manometry?
This complication of chronic GERD is characterized by intestinal metaplasia and increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
What is Barrett esophagus?
A 58-year-old man with long-standing diabetes reports early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and bloating after meals. Upper endoscopy shows no evidence of mechanical obstruction. This is the gold-standard test to confirm the suspected diagnosis.
What is gastric emptying scintigraphy (gastric emptying study)?
This BMI threshold alone qualifies a patient for bariatric surgery.
What is a BMI of 40 kg/m² or greater?
Bowed legs in a child are most commonly caused by deficiency of this vitamin.
What is vitamin D?
This classic radiographic finding is seen on a barium esophagram in patients with achalasia.
What is the bird's beak sign?
A patient continues to have heartburn despite an adequate trial of a proton pump inhibitor. Upper endoscopy is normal. This is the next best diagnostic test.
What is ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring?
A 10-week pregnant woman presents with persistent vomiting, ketonuria, a 6% weight loss, and hypokalemia. This is the diagnosis.
What is hyperemesis gravidarum?
A 16-year-old develops generalized urticaria, wheezing, throat tightness, and hypotension within minutes of eating a peanut-containing cookie. This is the first-line treatment.
What is intramuscular epinephrine?
This laboratory value is typically elevated in rickets.
What is alkaline phosphatase?
A 72-year-old man presents with dysphagia, halitosis, coughing during meals, and regurgitation of undigested food. This is the most likely diagnosis.
What is Zenker diverticulum?
A 60-year-old man has a 15-year history of GERD and now reports progressive dysphagia and a 15-pound unintentional weight loss. This is the next best diagnostic test.
What is an upper endoscopy (EGD)?
A patient has recurrent peptic ulcers despite appropriate PPI therapy. Endoscopy shows multiple ulcers extending beyond the duodenal bulb, and the patient also has chronic diarrhea. The next diagnostic test is this.
What is a fasting serum gastrin level?