GI & Hematology

The Lab Report

100

What lab test indicates iron storage levels?

Serum Ferritin

200

A client presents with jaundice and dark urine. You suspect hepatitis. What lab tests should be ordered?

AST 

ALT

Serum and urine bilirubin

Prothrombin time

 

300

A client presents with fatigue, night sweats, and splenomegaly. You suspect Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. What specialized lab test identifies the genetic mutation responsible for this condition?

Cytogenic Analysis

400

A client presents with steatorrhea and weight loss. You suspect chronic pancreatitis. What labs should be checked?

serum amylase and lipase, glucose, triglycerides, serum calcium

500

A client presents with supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, fever, and night sweats. You suspect Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. What diagnostic tests are appropriate?

Flow cytometry

Excisional lymph node biopsy

CT

Viral Testing

Which Is Which?

100

Neurological symptoms like numbness and tingling are seen in this anemia.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

200

This type of hepatitis requires Hepatitis B to replicate and cannot survive on its own.

Hepatitis D

300

These types of hepatitis infections are transmitted via the fecal-oral route and are commonly associated with poor sanitation and hygiene.

Hepatitis A or Hepatitis E

400

Describe the distinct manifestations of PE and MI. 

 Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

• Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing
• Tachycardia
• Shortness of breath
• Lightheadedness
• Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

• Chest pain that may radiate down the left arm
• Shortness of breath
• Diaphoresis (excessive sweating)

500

Describe the differences between acute and chronic pancreatitis.

 Acute Pancreatitis

• Pathophysiology: Sudden inflammation due to inappropriate activation of digestive enzymes (e.g., trypsin), leading to autodigestion and systemic inflammatory response.
• Clinical Manifestations:
  • Severe abdominal pain after meals that radiates to the back
  • Fever
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Abdominal guarding
• Complications: Repeated episodes can lead to scar tissue formation and progression to chronic pancreatitis.

Chronic Pancreatitis

• Pathophysiology: Progressive, irreversible inflammation causing structural damage and loss of both exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (insulin, glucagon) function.
• Clinical Manifestations:
  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Steatorrhea (foul-smelling, oily stool)
  • Upper abdominal and back pain
  • Vomiting
• Complications: Leads to poor digestion, malabsorption, and diabetes due to pancreatic insufficiency.

Red Flags

100

What is the hallmark sign of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia?

Philadelphia chromosome

200

What is the hallmark cell found in Hodgkin Lymphoma? 

Reed-Sternberg cell

300

What are the hallmark signs of Multiple Myeloma? 

HyperCalcemia

Renal Dysfunction

Anemia

Bone destruction

400

What are the hallmark signs of DVT? 

Edema in lower extremity below knee

Redness

Swelling

Tenderness

Warmth

500

What is the hallmark sign of anemia? 

Fatigue 

Educate, Educate, Educate

100

What lifestyle modification is recommended for cirrhosis patients?

Avoid alcohol and NSAIDs; Fluid Restriction; Sodium Restriction 

200

What position is recommended post-cholecystectomy?

Low Fowler’s or Sim’s position

300

Education for a patient with gastroparesis. 

Monitor Blood Glucose

Hydration 

Decrease or avoid smoking, alcohol, and opioid pain medications.

Eat frequent, smaller meals and choose low-fat food items.

Avoid lying down immediately after eating to aid digestion

Avoid carbonated beverages to reduce bloating.

400

Education for a patient with leukemia. 

Fall Prevention Interventions 

Risk for Bleeding Interventions 

Risk for Infection Interventions 

Psychosocial Support 

500

Education for a patient with sickle cell anemia.

Pain Management

Hydration

Avoid Environmental Triggers

Vaccinations & Infection Prevention

Stress Management 

Med Room

100

This antiemetic blocks serotonin receptors and is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting.

 Ondansetron (Zofran)

200

This chemotherapy agent is used in sickle cell anemia to increase fetal hemoglobin and reduce pain crises.

Hydroxyurea

300

This medication is used in cirrhosis to trap ammonia in the gut and prevent hepatic encephalopathy.

Lactulose (Cephulac)

400

This prokinetic agent is used to stimulate stomach contractions and improve gastric emptying in clients with gastroparesis.

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

500

This potassium-sparing diuretic is used in clients with cirrhosis to manage ascites by promoting fluid excretion without causing hypokalemia. 

Aldactone (Spironolactone)