Diagnostics
The test needed to diagnose exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
trypsin like immunoreactivity (TLI)
Two treatments indicated for gastric ulceration
Acid reduction (typically a proton-pump inhibitor)
Sucralfate (or barium)
You are seeing a 5-month-old male intact chihuahua for head pressing and a poor appetite. He is abnormally small, thin, and has dull mentation on exam. On blood work you note the following:
-mild microcytic, normochromic anemia
-low BUN, hypocholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia
-mild mixed hepatopathy (ALT, ALP, normal Tbili)
Your top differential is:
Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt
The mechanism of action of famotidine
H2 receptor antagonist
Ileum
Make sure you run this endocrine test in adult cats presenting for chronic GI signs (such as: vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss).
TT4
How long a therapeutic diet trial should last in cats with chronic enteropathy
Two weeks
You are seeing a 1 year old FS German Shepherd Dog for chronic diarrhea described as large volume and malodorous. She has a ravenous appetite. She is emaciated on physical exam with a dull haircoat.
Your top differential:
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
This drug is a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
the 3 organ components affected by “triaditis” in cats
liver
small intestine
pancreas
Name two tests of liver function
Bile acids
Ammonia tolerance test
The treatment of choice for feline small cell alimentary lymphoma
Prednisolone + chlorambucil
5 year old female spayed Yorkshire Terrier presents for a 3-week history of progressive small bowel diarrhea, weight loss and hyporexia. On exam you note generalized muscle atrophy and a pendulous abdomen. POC ultrasound shows peritoneal fluid. Major labwork findings:
-lymphopenia
-panhypoproteinemia
-hypocholesterolemia
-hypocalcemia
-normal UA
Your top differential is:
Corticosteroid used in steroid-responsive enteropathies that has a high first pass effect and results in reduced systemic adverse effects
Budesonide
A common complication of megaesophagus
Aspiration pneumonia
(will also accept malnutrition)
The most sensitive way to diagnose this parasitic cause of canine chronic vomiting is visualization with gastroscopy
Physaloptera spp.
Name at least two methods for treating hepatic encephalopathy in dogs and cats
Protein-restricted diet
Lactulose
+/-antibiotics
A 3-month-old male intact mixed breed dog is presented for vomiting and anorexia of 2-days duration and the recent development of severe diarrhea. Puppy was adopted last week. On exam, the puppy is dull, dehydrated, and has foul diarrhea with flecks of blood. Notable labwork findings include:
-mild normocytic, normochromic anemia
-moderate neutropenia
-panhypoproteinemia
Your top differential:
Parvovirus
This appetite stimulant is a ghrelin agonist
capromorelin (Entyce/Elura)
Intrinsic factor, secreted primarily by this organ, is necessary for the absorption of cobalamin
Pancreas
You are taking a 6-year-old MN Labrador Retriever to surgery for a progressive, asymptomatic increase in ALT over the course of the past year.
You submit liver tissue for this test (in addition to standard histopathology) based on your top differential for this dog.
The treatment of choice for Tritrichomonas foetus in cats
Bonus: primary clinical sign seen in cats with T. foetus
Ronidazole
Large bowel diarrhea
A 5-year old FS DSH presents to you for a multiple-week history of vomiting. You astutely recognize that this is actually regurgitation--passively spits up undigested food after every attempt at eating. She is still able to keep water down.
Last month she was treated with doxycycline for presumed URI.
Your top differential:
Esophageal stricture
Name at least 3 drugs with prokinetic activity used in small animals
Metoclopramide
Cisapride
Macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, etc)
Ranitidine/Nizatidine
The organism shown to be implicated in the development of ulcerative colitis in boxer dogs (aka granulomatous colitis, histiocytic colitis, boxer colitis)
E. coli