As in adults, the first line of treatment for GERD in pediatric patients is this.
What are lifestyle modifications?
100
With this type of ulcer, pain typically arises 1-2 hours after eating.
What is a duodenal ulcer?
100
Along with NSAID use, this bacterial infection is the most significant contributor to peptic ulcer formation.
What is H. pylori?
100
This study evaluates esophageal motility by measuring pressure within the esophagus.
What is esophageal manometry?
100
These are the components of the "four F's" commonly identified as risk factors for gallstones.
What is fat, female, fertile, and forty?
200
Barrett's esophagus is concerning because of progression to this type of cancer.
What is adenocarcinoma?
200
This is the most common clinical prediction rule for assessing severity of acute pancreatitis.
What are Ranson criteria?
200
Coffee-ground emesis has a characteristic appearance due to the presence of this substance?
What is iron (heme)?
200
Named for the locale sometimes implicated, this "syndrome" is the common name for food bolus obstruction causing retrosternal discomfort.
What is "steakhouse syndrome"?
200
This type of hernia is associated with linear erosions called Cameron ulcers.
What is a hiatal hernia?
300
In this surgical procedure, the gastric fundus is wrapped around the distal esophagus.
What is (Nissen) fundoplication?
300
Abdominal pain localized to the right upper quadrant is best evaluated by this test.
What is ultrasound?
300
This category of psychoactive medications doubles your patient's risk for upper GI bleeding.
What are SSRIs?
300
The characteristic finding on barium swallow for this disorder is often called a "bird's beak" or a "rat's tail."
What is esophageal achalasia?
300
Also known as the suspensory ligament of the duodenum, this is the traditional demarcation between the upper and lower GI tract.
What is the Ligament of Treitz?
400
The off-label (but often-used) prokinetic agent Reglan carries a black box warning due to this potential side effect.
What is tardive dyskinesia?
400
Mallory-Weiss tears are most commonly seen in this group, less commonly in patients with eating disorders or hyperemesis gravidarum.
What are alcoholics?
400
This type of ulcer is characterized by a large tortuous arteriole in the stomach wall that erodes and bleeds, sometimes extensively.
What is a Dieulafoy's lesion?
400
This disease is the most common autoimmune cause of esophageal dysmotility.
What is scleroderma?
400
Delayed vomiting (>1hr after eating) in a diabetic patient should suggest this condition.
What is gastroparesis?
500
Unlike PPIs, H2RAs have been shown to demonstrate this pharmacologic property, defined as a waning of acid-suppressing effect, in as little as 6 weeks.
What is tachyphylaxis?
500
In contrast to Mallory-Weiss syndrome where tears only involve the mucosal layer, this syndrome is caused by complete esophageal rupture.
What is Boerhaave's syndrome?
500
An uncommon cause of gastric bleeding, gastric antral vascular ectasia is more commonly called this, based on the endoscopic appearance.
What is watermelon stomach?
500
Dysphagia, halitosis, cough, and even regurgitation can be seen with this condition that occurs just above the cricopharyngeal muscle.
What is Zenker's diverticulum?
500
This is the most common cause among all age groups of acute nausea and vomiting, with 179 million cases in the U.S. each year.