Anatomy of a Meal
This potential space lies between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum and normally contains only a small amount of lubricating fluid, not organs.
What is the peritoneal cavity?
The foregut, midgut, and hindgut are supplied by these three arteries, respectively.
What are the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery?
The normal esophagus is lined by this type of epithelium.
What is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
This spiral-shaped, gram-negative organism preferentially colonizes the gastric antrum and is associated with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
What is Helicobacter pylori?
Omeprazole irreversibly inhibits this transporter on gastric parietal cells.
What is the H+/K+ ATPase?
The stomach, spleen, and body and tail of the pancreas are all generally found in this abdominal quadrant.
What is the left upper quadrant?
During stomach rotation, the left vagal branch assumes this final position.
What is the anterior vagal trunk?
The stomach has this number of smooth-muscle layers in its muscularis externa, facilitating churning.
Black, tarry stool caused by digested blood is classically associated with bleeding proximal to the ligament of Treitz.
What is melena?
This antacid component tends to cause diarrhea, whereas aluminum-containing antacids tend to cause constipation.
What is magnesium?
Sympathetic fibers destined for abdominal viscera pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing and exit as these nerves before reaching prevertebral ganglia.
What are the abdominal splanchnic nerves?
The duodenum, pancreas, ascending colon, and descending colon begin largely intraperitoneal but later acquire this classification after attaching to the posterior body wall.
What are secondarily retroperitoneal organs?
This observation in the submucosa is present only in the duodenum and esophagus.
What are submucosal glands?
A patient has chronic nausea, early satiety, postprandial distention, and vomiting without mechanical gastric outlet obstruction. This study is used to establish the suspected diagnosis.
What is a gastric emptying study (gastric scintigraphy)?
This cytoprotective drug is a prostaglandin analog that increases mucus and bicarbonate production and can prevent NSAID-associated ulcers, but may cause uterine contractions.
What is misoprostol?
These three prevertebral ganglia correspond broadly to sympathetic innervation of foregut, midgut, and hindgut structures.
What are the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia?
Persistence of a portion of the embryonic connection between the ileum and yolk sac produces this common congenital diverticulum.
What is a Meckel diverticulum?
This portion of the GI tract lacks both plicae circularis and villi and contains abundant goblet cells in its epithelium and glands.
What is the large intestine?
This H. pylori virulence factor generates ammonia, both protecting the organism from acid and contributing to epithelial injury.
What is urease?
Omeprazole inhibits CYP2C19, potentially reducing activation and therefore the antiplatelet effect of this prodrug.
What is clopidogrel?
A patient has ischemia involving the distal one-third of the transverse colon. This region represents a watershed between the territories of these two major arteries.
What are the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery?
During normal development, the midgut undergoes this total amount of rotation during physiologic herniation and subsequent return to the abdominal cavity.
What is 270 degrees?
At this GI transition, the epithelium abruptly changes from nonkeratinized stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium with glands.
What is the gastroesophageal junction?
This malignancy causes diffuse thickening of the stomach wall producing linitis plastica, and microscopy reveals poorly cohesive signet-ring cells without well-formed glands.
What is diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma?
Current material identifies this four-drug combination as the preferred quadruple regimen for H. pylori eradication.
What are a PPI, bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline?