Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
What are eukaryotic cells?
This type of cell is generally larger, more complex, and found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
What is the mitochondrion?
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because it makes ATP through cellular respiration.
what is diffusion
This is the movement of any substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without using energy.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
whats is atp
The primary purpose of cellular respiration is to break down glucose and produce large amounts of this energy molecule.
what is nucleus
This structure is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells, housing the cell's genetic material.
This jelly-like substance fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.
what is cytoplasm
This term describes how the cell membrane is selective about which small, nonpolar substances can pass through it freely.
What is selectively permeable
what is a hypertonic solution
A solution surrounding a cell that has a higher solute concentration than the inside of the cell, causing the cell to shrink.
What are glucose and oxygen
These are the two main products of photosynthesis that are then used as reactants for cellular respiration.
What are prokaryotes
Organisms in this domain, which literally means "before the nucleus," are always unicellular.
What is a chloroplast
Found only in plant cells and some protists, this organelle is the site of photosynthesis and contains the pigment chlorophyll.
What is active transport
This type of transport requires a protein pump and cellular energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
What is an isotonic solution?
This describes a solution where the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.
This is the green pigment found in chloroplasts that is essential for capturing light energy.
What is circular
Eukaryotic cells have multiple, linear chromosomes, while this is the typical shape of a prokaryotic chromosome.
What is the Golgi apparatus
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport out of the cell or to other organelles.
what is atp
The specific energy molecule the cell uses to power active transport mechanisms.
what is a hypotonic solution
Placing a plant cell in this type of solution (e.g., distilled water) causes the large central vacuole to swell, pushing the cell membrane against the cell wall.
What is carbon dioxide
The two reactants of photosynthesis, which are water and this gas absorbed from the atmosphere
Both cell types share four common features: DNA, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, and these structures responsible for protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
what are lysomes
Sacs filled with digestive enzymes, these organelles break down waste materials, worn-out organelles, and ingested food.
What is facilitated diffusion
This form of passive transport involves carrier proteins to help larger molecules, like glucose, cross the cell membrane.
What is a large molecule
Starch is too large a molecule to pass through a semi-permeable membrane during a diffusion/osmosis lab experiment.
what is diffusion
The movement of oxygen into a cell and carbon dioxide out of a cell relies on this passive transport process