Labor
What is an organization formed by workers from related fields that aims to protect and advance their rights and interests, negotiating wages, benefits, working conditions, and labor policies with employers and advocating for workers' rights through collective bargaining and other actions?
What is a labor union
What is the term coined by W.E.B. Du Bois to refer to the leadership class of African Americans in the early 20th century, advocating that the top ten percent of the black community be given the chance to develop their talents through higher education, in order to lead the race in securing their rights and improving social and economic conditions?
The Talented 10th
What are illustrations or comic strips containing a political or social message that typically relate to current events or personalities, often using satire and caricature to point out the absurdities or injustices within the political and social spheres, created by folks like Thomas Nast?
What are Political Cartoons
What are rules or directives made and maintained by an authority to control or govern conduct, typically within specific industries or sectors, aimed at ensuring fairness, safety, and standards, and often involving mechanisms for monitoring and enforcement?
What are Regulations
What is a market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market with no close substitutes, having significant control over prices and market conditions, often leading to reduced competition and higher barriers to entry for other companies?
What is a Monopoly
What is an organized work stoppage initiated by employees to protest against their employer's conditions, policies, or decisions, often related to wages, benefits, working conditions, and labor rights, with the aim of forcing the employer to negotiate and address their grievances?
What is a Labor Strike
What are organizations, particularly prevalent in U.S. cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that exert control over political appointments and elections, often using patronage, bribery, and voter manipulation to maintain power and influence for their leaders and associates, like Tammany Hall?
What are Political Machines
What is the theory that applies the concept of "survival of the fittest" from Darwin's natural selection to societies, often used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism by suggesting that social hierarchy and the suppression of the weak is natural and justifiable?
What is Social Darwinism
What is the movement aimed at ending the spoils system and improving the quality of government workers, which led to the establishment of a merit-based system of selecting government officials and employees, exemplified by the Pendleton Act of 1883 in the United States?
What is Civil Service Reform
Who are the influential business leaders and industrialists of the 19th and early 20th centuries, known for their significant contributions to the American economy through their enterprises and innovations, this term is especially acknowledging of their economic contributions
Who are “Captains of Industry”
Who were the first significant national labor organization in the United States, founded in 1869, known for advocating a broad array of reforms
Who were the knights of labor
What is the concept of a government or state that restricts its responsibilities and functions to the bare minimum, typically focusing only on defense, justice, and public order, while refraining from involvement in the economy, social services, and individual lives beyond what is absolutely necessary?
What is the Minimalist State
What is the process by which towns and cities grow as populations increasingly move from rural to urban areas, often driven by factors like industrialization, economic opportunities, and the search for better living conditions, leading to significant social, economic, and environmental changes?
What is Urbanization
What is the amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1920, that granted women the right to vote, marking a significant milestone in the women's suffrage movement and ensuring gender equality in voting rights?
What is the 19th Amendment
the economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention in the marketplace, based on the belief that markets should be free from tariffs, subsidies, and regulations, allowing the invisible hand of competition to dictate pricing, production, and distribution of goods?
What is Laissez Faire Economics?
Who were the wealthy and powerful 19th-century American capitalists and industrialists perceived as having used unethical methods, exploitation, and unscrupulous practices to amass their wealth, often at the expense of the public and workers?
Who are Robber Barons
What is the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party, often criticized for promoting cronyism and inefficiency by prioritizing loyalty over merit?
The Spoils System
What was the primary immigration station in the United States from 1892 to 1954, located in New York Harbor, through which over 12 million immigrants passed on their way to starting new lives in America, becoming a symbol of the nation's immigrant heritage?
What is Ellis Island
What was the first women's rights convention held in 1848 in New York, organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, where the Declaration of Sentiments was presented, outlining the rights women should be entitled to as citizens, and marking the beginning of the organized women's suffrage movement in the United States?
Seneca Falls Convention
What is the name of the U.S. federal law enacted in 1882 that prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers, marking the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States, and reflecting the widespread anti-Chinese sentiment of the time?
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act
What are the laws enacted to promote competition and regulate monopolistic practices by prohibiting agreements, trusts, and mergers that restrain trade or reduce competition in interstate commerce,
What are AntiTrust Laws
What is the name of the 1887 law that aimed to assimilate Native Americans into American society by dividing communal tribal land into individual allotments for Native American families, with the intent of encouraging farming and private land ownership, but often resulted in significant loss of tribal lands and cultural erosion?
What is the Dawes Act
What is the term for the Text proposed by Andrew Carnegie that the wealthy have a moral obligation to distribute their wealth in ways that promote the welfare and happiness of the common man, suggesting philanthropy and charitable efforts as means to mitigate social inequalities?
What is “The Gospel of Wealth”
Who were the faction within the Republican Party in the late 19th century United States, known for their strong opposition to civil service reform and their support for the continuation of the spoils system, which allowed for political patronage and appointments?
Who were the Stalwarts
What is the metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, where the various elements "melt together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture, often used to describe the assimilation of immigrants into American society, blending different cultures and nationalities into a single national identity?
What is Melting Pot Theory