Industry
most famous steel industrialist of gilded age and used wealth for public goods
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
This labor union welcomed skilled and unskilled workers pushing for 8 hour work days
What is the knights of labor?
This practice rewarded loyal political supporters with government jobs, often contributing to corruption and unqualified appointments.
What is the spoils system?
This presidential election featured Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Party challenge, leading to a split in the Republican vote and allowing Woodrow Wilson to win with less than a majority.
What is the pure food and drug act
This muckraking author exposed the filthy conditions of the meatpacking industry in The Jungle, helping inspire major federal food-safety reforms.
Who is upton Sinclair?
Business leader who founded standard oil and used horizontal integration to control the oil industry
Who is John D. Rockefeller
Led by Samuel Gompers, this union focused on skilled workers and worked for higher wages and better working conditions
What is the American federation of labor? (AFL)
These investigative journalists exposed corruption, unsafe working conditions, and political abuses during the Progressive Era, helping fuel demands for reform.
Who are the muckrakers?
Created in 1887, this federal agency was the first to regulate railroads and prevent unfair shipping rates.
What is the interstate commerce commission
A pioneering photojournalist, he published How the Other Half Lives to reveal the harsh living conditions in New York City tenements.
Dishonest about how he made his money, manipulated stock prices to his advantage, bought and sold rail lines
Who is Jay Gould?
This 1892 steelworker strike at Andrew Carnegie’s plant turned violent after Pinkerton agents were hired, weakening the union movement in the steel industry
What is the homestead strike?
System where bosses provided services jobs and housing for immigrants in exchange for votes
What is machine politics?
Passed in 1890, this law aimed to limit monopolies and promote competition, though it was weakly enforced at first.
What is the Sherman antitrust act
She founded Hull House in Chicago, promoting social reform, immigrant assistance, and early settlement-house work.
Who is Jane addams
bought out Carnegie steel so he could create US steel
Who is JP Morgan
Triggered by wage cuts in George Pullman’s company town, this nationwide 1894 strike disrupted rail traffic across the country until federal troops intervened.
What is the Pullman strike?
Ratified in 1913, this amendment changed how U.S. senators were chosen, shifting from state legislatures to direct election by the people to reduce corruption.
What is the 17th amendment
This 1906 law increased federal regulation of railroad rates by giving the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set maximum rates.
What is the Hepburn act?
A leading African American scholar and co-founder of the NAACP, he argued for immediate civil rights and higher education for Black Americans.
Who is WEB Du Bois
Industrialists who gained their wealth through unethical practices
What are robber barons?
this 1890s conflict involved violent clashes between miners and mine owners, revealing deep tensions over working conditions and union organizing in the West.
What is the coeur d Alene strike
Had 3 candidates, presidential election featured Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Party challenge, leading to a split in the Republican vote and allowing Woodrow Wilson to win with less than a majority.
What is the election of 1912
President Theodore Roosevelt promoted this domestic program, which aimed to balance the needs of workers, businesses, and consumers through regulation and fairness.
What is the square deal
he expanded federal power to regulate big business, conserve natural resources, and promote fairness—ideas central to the Progressive Movement.
Who is T Roosevelt