Founding Documents
This document states that people possess unalienable rights and governments derive power from the consent of the governed.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This process made steel faster and cheaper to produce.
What is the Bessemer Process?
This entrepreneur built a vast steel company before promoting the Gospel of Wealth.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
This 1862 law encouraged western settlement by offering federal land to settlers who improved it.
What is the Homestead Act?
These city organizations traded jobs and services for votes.
What are political machines?
The Declaration listed grievances against King George III primarily to justify this action.
What is declaring independence from Great Britain?
This invention allowed voices to travel over wires, speeding long-distance business communication.
What is the telephone?
Rockefeller used horizontal integration to dominate oil refining and create this market condition.
What is a monopoly?
Religious persecution in Europe and U.S. factory jobs represent these two types of immigration factors.
What are a push factor and a pull factor?
This system awarded government jobs based on political loyalty rather than qualifications.
What is the spoils system, or patronage?
Articles I, II, and III create legislative, executive, and judicial branches, demonstrating this constitutional principle.
What is separation of powers?
Railroad companies created this system so schedules would remain consistent across long distances.
What are standardized time zones?
This policy of minimal government regulation allowed trusts and large corporations to expand.
What is laissez-faire?
This law divided tribal lands into individual plots to force Native Americans to adopt white farming culture.
What is the Dawes Act?
Industrial jobs drew immigrants and rural Americans into cities, causing this rapid population shift.
What is urbanization?
A protester speaks freely; police search without a warrant; a defendant refuses self-incrimination and demands a speedy public trial. Name the four amendments.
What are the First, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments?
Factories could move away from rivers and operate after dark because of this innovation.
What is electric power?
This union organized skilled workers and pursued higher wages, shorter hours, and safer conditions.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Nativism and fears of job competition helped produce this 1882 restriction on immigration.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This law replaced much federal patronage with merit-based hiring and civil-service exams.
What is the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
Voting elects representatives; state and national governments share power; House and Senate divide impeachment; and “Out of many, one” expresses unity. Name the three principles and the motto.
What are republicanism, federalism, checks and balances, and E Pluribus Unum?
Cheap steel lowered rail costs; wider rail networks linked producers and consumers. This economic result accelerated industrialization.
What is a national market?
After this 1894 strike disrupted rail traffic, a federal injunction and troops helped defeat the union.
What is the Pullman Strike?
Homestead land and railroads drew settlers west, producing these two major effects on Native peoples.
What are loss of tribal lands and increased conflict?
Both laws expanded federal regulation: one targeted unfair railroad practices; the other targeted monopolies. Name them.
What are the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act?