Industry & Innovation
This process, named after an English inventor, made steel production faster and cheaper, fueling railroad and skyscraper growth.
What is the Bessemer process?
He built his fortune in the steel industry and later donated millions to build libraries and universities.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
These organizations were formed by laborers to demand better wages, hours, and conditions.
What are unions?
This 1882 law was the first to ban immigration based on nationality.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
The belief that government should stay out of business is known as this.
What are laissez-faire policies?
This business structure allows many people to own shares in a company, helping raise money for expansion.
What is a corporation?
J.D Rockefeller used trusts and monopolies to dominate 90% of the oil industry with this corporation
Standard Oil
This union welcomed both skilled and unskilled workers as members - they were inspired by socialist beliefs
Who are the IWW / Wobblies?
This early political party was known for its anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic beliefs in the mid-1800s.
What was the Know-Nothing Party?
This idea applied Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest” to business and society. The wealthy deserved to be rich because they were more 'adapted' than the poor. Used to justify poverty.
What is Social Darwinism?
Owning every step of production (like Carnegie’s steel empire) is called this type of integration, while buying out competitors (like Rockefeller) is called this.
What are vertical and horizontal integration?
This banker consolidated industries by buying out struggling companies and reorganizing them into profitable holding companies.
Who is J.P Morgan?
People like Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, and Ida Tarbell earned this nickname for exposing the darker issues of the Gilded Age - like working conditions or business practices
Who are Muckrakers?
During the Gilded Age, immigration shifted from northern and western Europe to "New Immigration"...from these countries
Greek, Italian, Poland, Slovenia, Serbia, Russian, Croatia
WOULD ACCEPT: Southern and Eastern Europe
Name this concept - Total control of a type of industry by one person or one company
What is a Monopoly?