Gilded Age: Businesses
More business and policies
Political Issues
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Political cartoons/Random
100
What is vertical integration?
Owning all aspects of production, from raw materials to distribution.
100
Name two prominent industrialists of the Gilded Age.
- Andrew Carnegie
- John D. Rockefeller
- J.P. Morgan
- Cornelius Vanderbilt
100
What were the "Urban Political Machines" and how did they impact American politics?
Organizations that worked to win elections and exercise power (using the spoils system).
Known for being corrupt: Overcharging for public projects, bribery, vote buying
Provided services to immigrants and poor: Food, clothing, job assistance
Expected loyalty and votes in return for help
100
Who famously said,
"What do I care about the law? Hain't I got the power?"
- Cornelius Vanderbilt
100
Which president served two non-consecutive terms during the Gilded Age?
Cleveland
200
What is a "trust"...
Legal device used to centralize control of multiple companies under a single 'board'.
200
What was the Civil Service Act of 1883? (also called the Pendleton Act).
An act that created a merit-based system for federal employees. It also reduced the practice of giving government jobs to political supporters (spoils system)
200
Different perspectives on industrialists' legacy might include... (negatives vs. positives)
- Positive: Job creation, economic growth, technological innovation, philanthropy
- Negative: Exploitation of workers, environmental damage, political corruption, wealth inequality
200
Who is this?
J.P Morgan
200
The Populist Party emerged primarily to represent:
Farmers and workers/laborers
300
Monopolies are companies that...
dominate entire industries.
300
Explain "horizontal integration" vs. "vertical integration."
- Horizontal integration: Buying out or merging with competitors in the same industry
- Vertical integration: Controlling all aspects of production, from raw materials to finished products
300
What message is conveyed by a political cartoon?
- Satire: The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize people's vices or failings, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.
- Role in political cartoons: Satire allows cartoonists to critique powerful figures or institutions, highlight social issues, and provoke thought or action in a memorable and often humorous way
300
Who was Lewis Hine?
- Hine was hired by the National Child Labor Committee in 1908 to document child labor practices
- His photographs provided visual evidence of dangerous and exploitative working conditions
300
What was a Tiger a symbol for?
Tammany Hall
400
What business practice involves buying out competitors?
Horizontal integration.
400
Describe the main ideas of the Populist Party platform.
- Government ownership of railroads and telegraphs
- Free and unlimited coinage of silver
- A graduated income tax
- Direct election of U.S. Senators
- An eight-hour workday
400
What's an example of a political machine?
- Boss Tweed/Tammany Hall
400
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
- Built a vast steel empire
- Became one of America's wealthiest individuals
- Employed vertical integration in his business practices
400
Who is the political cartoonist we've been studying?
x 2 points: 400
Thomas Nast
500
The Sherman Antitrust Act was intended to:
Prevent monopolies
500
Who invented the Bessemer proccess?
Andrew Carnegie
500
What was the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) founded to do?
To regulate how much railroads charged farmers and merchants to transport their goods were “reasonable” and did not offer favorable or biased treatment.
500
Why did the Sherman Antitrust Act fail at first?
It was often used against labor unions instead of big businesses, used by judges to break up strikes.
These laws did help establish the precedent (a rule for the future) that the federal government could regulate the economy to promote public good.
500
Why might political cartoons have been popular during the Gilded Age?
They provided away to take complex messages and communicate/describe them in a way that everyone could understand (even those who could not read).