Industrial Giants
Who made his fortune in steel?
Andrew Carnegie
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
Where did most “new immigrants” come from in the late 1800s?
Southern and Eastern Europe
What does “laissez-faire” mean?
Hands-off government approach to business
What was the system of giving government jobs to political supporters called?
Patronage / Spoils System
Which businessman dominated oil refining?
John D. Rockefeller
Which process revolutionized steel production?
Bessemer Process
What philosophy opposed immigration and favored native-born citizens?
Nativism
What law regulated railroad shipping rates?
Interstate Commerce Act
What was the role of political machines in cities?
Help immigrants in exchange for votes
Who was the powerful banker and financier of the Gilded Age?
J.P. Morgan
Gustavus Swift’s invention helped what industry?
meatpacking- refrigerated rail cars
Who founded Hull House in Chicago?
Jane Addams
What law was designed to break up monopolies?
Sherman Antitrust Act
Who was the corrupt leader of Tammany Hall?
Boss Tweed
Which railroad tycoon helped expand American transportation?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Which term describes controlling all steps in production?
Vertical consolidation
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act designed to do?
Limit Chinese immigration, especially due to job competition
What philosophy applied “survival of the fittest” to society and business?
Social Darwinism
Which cartoonist exposed political corruption?
Thomas Nast
What invention made by Thomas Edison transformed American homes and cities?
Electric light bulb
Which term describes merging with competitors in the same industry?
Horizontal consolidation
What were overcrowded, dangerous apartment buildings called?
Tenements
What reform movement taught that Christians should help improve social conditions?
Social Gospel Movement
Which act ended the spoils system with merit-based hiring?
Pendleton Civil Service Act