The Gilded Age & Industrialization
What was the Gilded Age?
A term used to describe the turbulent years between the Civil War and the early 1900s marked by rapid industrial growth and corruption.
What problems did urban areas face in the late 1800s?
Air pollution, poor sanitation, and health problems.
What major Supreme Court case upheld segregation until 1954?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Why did imperialist nations seek colonies?
Power, wealth, natural resources, and new markets.
What major project did Roosevelt support where nearly 5,600 workers died?
The Panama Canal.
Who created the term “Gilded Age” and what did “gilded” mean?
Mark Twain; “gilded” means covered in gold on the outside but not solid gold (something that looks rich but isn’t).
What happened to the class system during the Gilded Age?
Wealthy industrialists became extremely rich while the working class struggled.
What event led to Plessy V Ferguson
Homer Plessy sat in a whites-only railroad car and was arrested.
What European countries expanded imperialism in the late 1800s?
Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, France, Spain, and Italy.
What new technologies were widely used in WWI?
Aircraft, armored tanks, machine guns, and poison gas.
Why did many people move from rural areas to cities?
Jobs, higher pay, running water, plumbing, libraries, theaters, and museums.
What did Southern states create after Reconstruction to maintain social order?
Jim Crow laws.
What later Civil Rights figure did this case foreshadow?
Rosa Parks
What event in 1898 caused Americans to blame Spain?
The explosion of the USS Maine.
What two aircraft were used early in WWI?
Hot air balloons and Zeppelins.
How did the American population change from 1860–1920?
The population grew rapidly and became more urban and industrial.
What was the Populist Movement?
A political movement supporting farmers and working-class people.
What did the Supreme Court ruling allow?
“Separate but equal” segregation laws.
What did the U.S. declare on April 19, 1898?
War on Spain.
What two Acts limited U.S. citizens’ rights during WWI?
The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918).
What professions increased during industrialization?
Doctors, lawyers, engineers, managers, social workers, teachers.
What major issue weakened the Populist Movement?
Racism.
What year was Plessy v. Ferguson overturned?
1954.
What was Theodore Roosevelt’s famous foreign policy quote?
Theodore Roosevelt said, “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
What pandemic struck the world in 1918–1919?
The Spanish flu.