Industrialization
What is the Bessemer process?
An efficient process for making steel
What were political machines?
Corrupt local (municipal) governments that arose due to rapid urbanization.
What is Urbanization?
The rapid growth of cities and shift of population from Rural to Urban
How did the railroads facilitate the growth of the cattle industry?
ranchers were able to transport cattle to the market in a safer and efficiently way.
Define Philanthropy in your own words.
Wealthy people giving money away to help people.
What were three reasons the railroads grew during the Gilded Age?
increased settlement in the West, provided new economic opportunities, development of towns
What is an entrepreneur?
someone who starts or owns a business
How were women & children affected by the economic policies of the late 1800’s?
Worked long hours in difficult and dangerous jobs
What were some farming issues that occurred during the Gilded Age?
crop failures and low crop prices due to monopolies and railroads
When reading a documentary, which information is less authentic: The author’s point of view or facts the author has included?
Point of View
What were three reasons industrialization increased during the Gilded Age?
demand for goods and services, increase of immigrant workers, new inventions
Why did Political Machines emerge during the Gilded Age?
Rapid growth of cities and no regulation
Boss Tweed
What were some of the issues regarding urbanization during the Gilded Age?
poor living conditions, health issues, dangerous working conditions, pollution, crime
What other inventions supported the expansion of the ranching industry?
barbed wire and railroads
Describe why Native Americans were removed from their tribal lands? Name 1 event.
The Dawes Act - abolished reservations and gave “private property” acreage to Native Americans so the rest of the reservation could be sold off
Describe industrialization, how was it both positive and negative?
Positive- provides cheap goods and services, efficient production
Negative- pollution, low wages and poor working condition
What were the Robber Barons? Describe at least two good attributes & two bad attributes about them?
Big Business owners
2 good attributes: philanthropists, influenced American industry
2 bad attributes: lack of empathy for workers, monopolized industries
Describe the transcontinental railroad? What were its benefits, negatives, & how did it change the United States?
Railroad that crossed the entire US
Settlement of the frontier
Brought goods and services to larger market
What industry benefited from the invention of the telephone?
telemarketing and customer service
What was the Klondike gold rush?
Secondary gold rush in the Yukon, Canada
How did steel production impact the railroad industry?
Resulted in an increase of production and demand.
What were monopolies & trusts during the Gilded Age?
Big Business
Carnegie- Steel
Rockefeller- Oil
Vanderbilt- Railroads
Morgan- Banking
What did the cities begin to do to address issues regarding urbanization?
public health departments, creation of L-trains and subways, professional police forces
Describe some of the benefits of the telephone in the late 1800’s.
Jobs and financial investment
Who did laissez-faire affect and what was it about?
No government interference in economic affairs
It affected workers due to little regulation