Cells! Transport, Organelles, and more :)
Explain the similarities and differences between osmosis and diffusion.
Talk about:
- Direction of Movement
- What's transported
- What's being achieved
- Both high to low across the membrane
- Osmosis moves water, diffusion moves small and uncharged molecules
- Homeostasis is being achieved (equal amounts on both sides)
The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin’s function? EXPLAIN!
A. a medicine that affects pH
B. a medicine that prevents clotting
C. a medicine that blocks neural impulses
D. a medicine that lowers cholesterol levels
A. a medicine that affects pH
The pH needs to be in a certain range for the enzyme to work. Too high or too low would cause the enzyme to denature/not function.
Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary? EXPLAIN!!!!
A. They have cell membranes.
B. They can change over time.
C. They use energy to function.
D. They have the ability to reproduce.
C - They use energy to function.
They need energy to do biochemical processes, like active transport, digestion, and more.
What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?
Ionic = atoms stealing electrons to achieve 8 valence electrons
Covalent = atoms sharing electrons to achieve 8 valence electrons
Jennifer usually blows her nose using Kleenex tissues. Her snot keeps leaking through the tissue. She decided to create an experiment to see if there’s something better.
What is the INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variable?
The type of tissue = independent variable
The snot leaking through/not = dependent variable
Which action is prevented by the plasma membrane? EXPLAIN!
A. the flow of light into or out of the cell
B. the flow of oxygen into or out of the cell
C. unlimited flow of heat into or out of the cell
D. unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell
D. unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell
The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis.
Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how cellulose is formed within living organisms? EXPLAIN!
A. It is assembled by bonding individual atoms.
B. It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.
C. It is the product of the decomposition of a much larger molecule.
D. It is the result of a physical change that alters the shape of a compound.
B. It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.
Monomers are the building blocks of all macromolecules, which include carbohydrates like cellulose.
What organelle is unique to plant cells/some protists, and what process takes place there?
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
Which of the following is a property of water that allows a water strider to walk on the surface of water? EXPLAIN using the word HYDROGEN BONDS!
A. solubility
B. surface tension
C. high specific heat
D. low freezing point
B. surface tension
Hydrogen bonds are stronger at the surface of water allowing light things to walk across.
Name three characteristics of life.
All Living Things are Made of Cells
All Living Things Reproduce
All Living Things Have a Universal Genetic Code (DNA)
All Living Things Grow and Develop
All Living Things Need Energy
All Living Things Respond to the Environment
All Living Things Maintain a Stable Internal Environment
All Living Things Evolve
Which transport mechanisms require the formation of a vesicle plus energy to transport material into or out of a cell?
A. diffusion and osmosis
B. exocytosis and endocytosis
C. exocytosis and calcium pumps
D. diffusion and facilitated diffusion
B. exocytosis and endocytosis
Both forms of active transport and materials are held in vesicles. Large amounts/large sizes require energy to exit or enter the cell.
Which statement describes the formation of a protein molecule? EXPLAIN!
A. Amino acids combine to form a protein chain.
B. Fatty acid monomers dissolve to form a protein chain.
C. Fatty acid monomers combine to form a protein chain.
D. Amino acids dissolve monomers to form a protein chain.
A. Amino acids combine to form a protein chain.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.Describe the energy transformation that takes place in photosynthesis.
Light energy comes from the sun and is transformed into chemical energy that is stored in the bonds of glucose.
Which characteristic allows carbon atoms to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms?
A. Carbon has several forms.
B. Carbon can form four covalent bonds.
C. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe.
D. Carbon is a structural part of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
B. Carbon can form four covalent bonds.
Chemical reactions that produce energy in the body is called your...
Metabolism
The Golgi apparatus is broken down during mitosis and then reformed. Which function would a cell be unable to perform during the time that its Golgi apparatus is broken down?
A. copying genetic material to include in the new cell
B. forming vesicles to import molecules into the cell
C. processing and packaging proteins for cellular export
D. correcting errors in the process of building a new cell
C. processing and packaging proteins for cellular export
The Golgi packages and sends things out of the cell to its final destination.
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme involved in the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to form a molecule that dissolves well in the liquid part of blood. How does carbonic anhydrase affect this reaction? EXPLAIN using good vocab!
A. by making the reaction reversible
B. by changing chemical products of the reaction
C. by increasing the time needed for the reaction to occur
D. by decreasing the amount of energy needed to complete the reaction
D. by decreasing the amount of energy needed to complete the reaction
The activation energy is lowered allowing the reaction to happen faster.
What would happen to the gases in the atmosphere if a wildfire burned the plants in an area?
CO2 would be high in the atmosphere, O2 would be low. This is not good for living things.
Which properties of water are most responsible for the capillary action in plants? EXPLAIN each!
adhesion and cohesion
low density and adhesion
polarity and high specific heat
high specific heat and cohesion
adhesion and cohesion
Adhesion allows for water to stick to the plant to carry itself up, and cohesion allows water to stick to itself to go up the plant.
A jackrabbit has large ears containing blood vessels that help it maintain a constant body temperature by adjusting heat exchange with the surrounding environment. Which characteristic of life is best described by this example?
A. growth
B. energy use
C. organization
D. homeostasis
D. homeostasis
It is maintaining a stable internal environment by adjusting its internal temperature through heat exchange.
Functions of a cell structure can include:
- Allows waste to exit the cell
- Allows chemicals required for certain processes to enter the cell
- Regulates water moving in and out of the cell
What cell structure is this?
Plasma / Cell Membrane
Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions? EXPLAIN!
The binding of a product and an enzyme is specific.
The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific.
The enzyme is consumed by the products of the reactions.
The enzyme is consumed by the substrates of the reactions
The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific.
Only certain substrates can fit an enzyme. Substrates for different reactions will be different shapes/sizes.
Explain the cycle of ADP and ATP.
ADP has two phosphates and must gain a third to have full energy. A third phosphate is added on to form ATP, which is used for cell energy. To get the energy needed for cells, the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate is broken. It then turns back into ADP.
Draw water molecules hydrogen bonding.
Explain how it is related to one other property of water.
SEE MISS G's BOARD!
Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?
The sequence of monomers in a carbohydrate stores genetic information, and the bonds in a nucleic acid store energy.
The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information.
A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions.
A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane.
The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information.