Antiulcer/GERD meds
Aluminum and calcium can cause
What is Constipation?
What is the most common reason for blood beginning to clot?
What is damage to the blood vessel.
What time of the day should a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) be giving?
What is first thing in the morning 30-60 minutes before meal with a full glass of water.
These medications are opiates antidiarrheal which are structurally related to opioid analgesics but has not analgesic properties. Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil) and loperamide (Imodium). List some side effects.
What is dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, and dry mouth
Drug types can help reduce the need for transfusions?
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
This drug category is giving 1 hour before meals and at bedtime and is used to protect the lining of the stomach.
What is cytoprotective drugs such as sucralfate (Carafate)
What are signs of bleeding that is concerning?
What are Petechiae, excessive or unusual bruising, blood in urine, stool or vomitus, coughing up blood, sever headache, uncontrolled nose bleeds, tachycardia, hypotension, shortness of breath, and GI pain. New onset of confusion is very concerning as it may be a head bleed.
Assessment prior to giving antiemetic drugs.
What is monitor weight, I/O's, VS, skin turgor, serum electrolytes, report signs of severe abdominal pain or distention and coffee ground emesis.
Education to give patients related to constipation.
What is increase fluid intake, activity, fiber diet (fruits and vegetables). If taking a laxative with no relief after a few days, report to provider. Report severe abdomen pain, nausea and vomiting.
Tomatoes, onions, dark leafy greens, broccoli, garlic, and bananas.
Foods that affect the clotting system. Especially dark leafy greens that contain Vit. K. Instruct patients to eat these foods consistently (same amount every day) as they may decrease the effectiveness of anticoagulants, especially warfarin.
What is the general time frame to wait between administration of antacids and other drugs?
One hour
Drugs that inhibit the functions of platelets and interfering with blood clotting in arteries.
What is a platelet inhibitor like aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix). Monitor platelet levels closely. Do not give if platelets less that 100,000 and notify the provider.
Side Effects for PPI
What is osteoporosis-related fractures, C-diff pancreatitis, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia (low platelets) and anemia.
May take 1-3 days to take effect and to prevent constipation and take with full glass of water.
What is a stool softener. Docusate
Reversal for Heparin.
What is protamine sulfate
Side effects for antiulcer agents especially H2 Blockers like famotidine (Pepcid) that increases risk for falls especially the elderly.
Confusion and restlessness
Used to prevent new clot formation or reduce a clot, not dissolve a clot.
What is the purpose of anticoagulant therapy? Fibrinolytic drugs dissolve the fibrin in the clot.
The generic names for PPIs- what is the suffix?
What is prazole? omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole?
May have high amounts of sodium content and heart failure and those with HTN should always discuss with their provider.
What are laxatives (osmotic)
Omeprazole (PPI), amoxicillin (penicillin antibiotic) and clarithromycin (macrolide antibiotic)
What is the treatment for Helicobacter pylori-positive ulcer?
Brands with magnesium can cause diarrhea; brands with calcium or aluminum can cause constipation. Timing related to meals and other drugs is important. Other side effects include loss of appetite, frequent burping, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and weight loss. What drug category is this?
What is an antacid
Reversal (antidote) for warfarin.
Vitamin K (phytonadione)
Has the least amount of side effects of the antiemetics However, specific to this class is dysrhythmias.
Serotonin (5H-T 3) Receptor Antagonist ondansetron (Zofran)
What are you going to tell your patient to report (signs/symptoms) who is taking antidiarrheals (anticholinergics, antispasmodics synthetic opioid agonist).
What is severe abdomen pain, N/V, fever, blood in stool, dizziness and no improvement of symptoms after a few days of taking antidiarrheal.
St. Johns Wort, Fish oil, Vit E, Gingko, Goldenseal, Grape seed extract, Green leaf tea, Turmeric, garlic, feverfew, chondroitin, chamomile to name a few.
Herbs and supplements that increase the risk of bleeding.