Geospatial Data
This data model represents space as a grid of cells, each containing a value
What is raster data?
These two coordinates describe how far north or south and east or west a location lies on Earth.
What are latitude and longitude?
Calling a location “Corpus Christi” identifies it by name, using this type of location.
What is nominal location?
These three words give GIS its name.
What is Geographic Information System?
This person designs and prepares maps for distribution.
Who is a cartographer?
A well, a road, and a property boundary can be represented using these three basic vector objects
What are points, lines, and polygons?
State Plane and UTM commonly express horizontal locations using these two coordinate names.
What are easting and northing?
Unlike directions such as “near the university,” latitude and longitude specify this type of location.
What is absolute location?
Formulas, statistics, and algorithms belong to this component of a GIS.
What are methods?
This map element identifies the data sources, map author, and creation date
What is metadata?
Elevation and temperature vary across space and represent this type of phenomenon, unlike individual buildings or fire hydrants.
What is a continuous phenomenon?
This coordinate system divides the United States into regional zones designed to limit distortion within each zone.
What is the State Plane Coordinate System?
Your personal perception and mental understanding of an area represent this type of space.
What is cognitive space?
Dataset transfers, collaboration, web maps, and web applications rely on this component of a GIS.
What is the network?
Simplification removes detail. This generalization method makes a feature larger so it remains visible on the map.
What is exaggeration?
A road’s geometry shows where it is. Its name, speed limit, and pavement type are examples of this information stored in an associated table.
What are attributes?
This coordinate system divides the world into 60 zones, each six degrees of longitude wide.
What is Universal Transverse Mercator, or UTM?
Describing a trip as “twenty minutes away” rather than “ten miles away” expresses this type of distance.
What is relative distance?
Together, these six components make up the GIS umbrella.
What are hardware, software, data, methods, people, and network?
This datum succeeded NAD27 and uses the GRS80 ellipsoid.
What is NAD83?
The same lake appears as a polygon on a detailed local map and as a point on a national map. This process changes its representation to suit the map’s scale and purpose.
What is map generalization?
NAD27 uses Clarke 1866, while NAD83 uses GRS80. These named surfaces are this component of a datum.
What are reference ellipsoids?
“Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things” states this geographic principle.
What is Tobler’s First Law of Geography?
A GIS can ingest both spatial data and this other type of data, such as a property owner’s name.
What is non-spatial data?
A rover and base station collect observations in the field, but corrections are applied later back at the office. This is the differential processing method being used.
What is post-processing?