Gross Anatomy
This dome-shaped muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
What is the diaphragm?
These drugs neutralize acid already present in the stomach.
Pain relieved by eating indicates this type of ulcer.
What is a duodenal ulcer?
A congenital connection between the trachea and oesophagus.
What is a tracheoesophageal fistula?
You should always do this before beginning any examination steps.
What is gaining consent?
This double layer of peritoneum hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach and covers the intestines like an apron.
What is the greater omentum?
This drug class forms a raft to prevent acid reflux.
What are alginates?
This bacterium is the most common cause of chronic gastritis and PUD.
What is Helicobacter pylori?
The most common cause of oesophagitis.
What is gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?
Castell’s sign is used to assess this.
What is splenomegaly?
This line marks the lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath.
What is the arcuate line?
These two symptoms are typical of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) but often absent in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR).
What are heartburn and acid regurgitation?
Gas under the diaphragm on X-ray suggests this emergency complication.
What is perforation of a gastric ulcer?
Medical term for any difficulty, discomfort or pain when swallowing
A positive Murphy’s sign indicates this condition.
What is cholecystitis?
This sphincter regulates bile and pancreatic juice flow into the duodenum.
What is the sphincter of Oddi?
Chronic use of PPIs can lead to decreased absorption of these two nutrients.
What are calcium and vitamin B12?
H. pylori infection can lead to these two malignancies.
What are gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) B-cell lymphoma?
Barrett’s oesophagus predisposes to this type of oesophageal cancer.
What is adenocarcinoma?
This specific type of breath odour may be detected in a patient with liver failure.
What is fetor hepaticus?
Sympathetic outflow to the abdominal viscera comes from these spinal segments.
What are T5 to L3?
This combination therapy eradicates H. pylori infection.
What is triple therapy (PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin)?
Vitamin deficiency associated with autoimmune atrophic gastritis.
What is vitamin B12 deficiency?
In Barrett’s oesophagus, the normal squamous epithelium is replaced by this type of epithelium.
What is simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells?
McBurney’s point tenderness with rebound pain suggests this diagnosis.
What is appendicitis?