May the Quartz be With You
This is the hardest of all minerals
What is diamond?
A carbonate rock which preserved fossils in their "life position"
What is a boundstone?
A fossil that is abundant, geographically widespread, and occurs over a restricted or short stratigraphic range.
What is an index fossil?
The location on a meandering stream where flow velocity is the highest
What is the outside edge of a meander?
Crystallization from a magma results in this geometric arrangement of crystals
What is crystalline?
The three types of north arrows on a map
What is True North, Grid North and Magnetic North?
This habit distinguishes mica minerals (biotite/muscovite) from any other mineral
What is platy (lamellar)?
This is the scheme for naming carbonate sedimentary rocks
What is Dunham classification
The physical imprinting of external features of an organism left behind in the rock record
You can use this instrument to observe landforms in 3D on an aerial photograph
This planar fabric that develops during deformation is useful in distinguishing an igneous rock from a metamorphic rock
What is foliation?
A coordinate system that uses degrees, minutes, and seconds to describe the position of a place
What is Latitude and Longitude?
This mineral adds flavour to your dinner
What is Halite?
This feature is where planes of weakness are developed in shale by clay particles aligning during compaction
What is fissility?
The time period before the Devonian, but after the Ordovician
What is the Silurian?
This type of channel system is known for relatively steep gradients, high flow velocity, and coarse-grained deposits
What is braided?
What is crystal size / grain size?
An element of a map or cross-section that defines what various items on it are
What is a legend?
This term describes a well-formed or shaped crystal
What is euhedral?
This sedimentary structure is produced by oscillating currents
What is a symmetrical ripple?
An erosional surface representing missing rock record
What is an unconformity?
This elongated hill has a steep slope on one side and a gentle slope on the other that occurs in glaciated terrains
What is a drumlin?
In metamorphic rocks, these are the larger crystals that are set in a fine-grained matrix
What are porphyroblasts?
A coordinate system that uses Northings and Eastings to describe the location of a place
What is UTM / Universal Transverse Mercator
This mineral is common in felsic, intermediate, and mafic igneous rocks
What is Plagioclase (Plagioclase Feldspar)?
This term describes a mineral fragment in a clastic rock that shows evidence of erosion during transportation
What is a grain?
This type of fossil preserves evidence of an organism's activities
What is a trace fossil?
These are three types of bedding structures
What are graded, cross, and planar?
What is equigranular?
What a cross-section demonstrates when the vertical scale and horizontal scale are not the same
What is vertical exaggeration?
This sort of surface is useful for distinguishing feldspars from quartz
What is a broken surface?
This term describes sediment that is poorly sorted with angular clasts
What is immature?
This method of preservation is a combination of permineralization and replacement.
What is petrification?
In a meandering stream, deposition of sediments occurs on the inside part of the meander to produce this
What is a point bar?
The layering in metamorphic rock that results from the alternate occurrence of layers dominated by felsic and mafic minerals
What is compositional banding?
Lines that connect points of equal elevation on a map
What are topographic contours?
These broken surfaces on a mineral do not repeat through the crystal
What is fracture?
A sandstone that contains 60% feldspar, 30% quartz and 10% lithics
What is a feldspathic arenite?
The simplest way to distinguish between a brachiopod from a bivalve is to look at this
What is the symmetry of the valves?
Landslides and slumps are examples of this type of deposit
What is mass movement?
The name for a rock with 30% quartz, 55% biotite, 10% garnet and 5% kyanite.
What is a garnet-biotite schist?
The ratio scale of a map that displays a graphical scale bar that is 5cm long and represents 1km.
What is 1 : 20,000?
These smooth planes on the external surface of a crystal can often be confused for cleavage
What are crystal faces?
This sedimentary structure, indicative of changing energy of the transportation medium, is useful also as a stratigraphic way-up indicator
What is graded bedding?
Fossils, principle of cross-cutting relationships, and the law of superposition are all methods of this type of dating
What is relative age dating?
This surficial feature is formed when a meander in a stream is pinched off
What is an oxbow lake?
A rock produced by an intermediate composition melt on eruption at the Earth's surface
What is an andesite?
A 2D visualization of topographic features from the side
What is topographic profile / topographic cross-section?
These wispy white lines on Alkali Feldspars are useful in distinguishing them from Plagioclase Feldspars
What is Exsolution Lamellae / Perthitic Texture?
A clast that is between 3mm and 64mm in diameter
What is a pebble?
The expected ratio between atoms of radioactive parent and daughter isotope after the passage of 2 half-lives.
What is 1:3?
These are long ridges of gravel that are deposited following the retreat of a glacier
What are eskers?
What is a marble?
A measure of the steepness of a slope defined as the difference in elevation per unit of horizontal distance
What is gradient?
This is how a mineralogist will describe the cleavage in pyroxenes
What are two directions at 90 degrees?
These three textural characteristics are used to describe a sandstone
What is grain size, sorting, and roundness?
Look at the image to answer this question. These are the oldest unit and the youngest unit
What is Geniss (oldest) and Shale (Youngest)
Surficial deposits that have not been cemented and/or compacted long enough to make up rocks
What are unconsolidated sediments?
The correct sequence of appearance of index minerals with increasing grade of metamorphism
What is chlorite - biotite/muscovite - garnet - kyanite
The angle between true and magnetic north
What is magnetic declination?