Immigration
What is the Page Act? What year?
1. the first federal law in the U.S. to restrict immigration, and it was primarily used to prevent Chinese and other Asian women from entering the country. It prohibited the entry of "immoral" women, particularly those imported for "prostitution," and also targeted contract laborers from Asian countries.
2. 1875
What were the effects of urban growth during the Gilded Age? What problems did it create?
1. led to a transformation of the American economy and society. Urban Population SKYROCKETED due to jobs and immigrants, advances in technology, and modern science.
2. but it created problems like overcrowding, poor sanitation, housing shortages, and increased crime. DIVISION BETWEEN RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS.
What are Saloons ?
What are Snugs?
What are Stall Saloons and Wine Rooms?
1. The workingmen's social club and popular for male immigrants. Politics were discussed, check job postings, engage in labor unions
2. separate rooms for women in saloons.
3. Where prositutes worked
Who are "Democrats"? ? & Divided Democrats?
Who are "Republicans"?
1. limited gov't, states rights, and white supremacy.
2. pro silver
Gold Democrats/goldbugs
3. high tariffs and prohibition.
What are Granger Laws?
What is the "Granger Movement"?
1. regulate the prices charged by railroads and grain warehouses
2. began to promote "cooperatives" where farmers could join together to store and sell their crops to avoid the high fees charged by brokers and other middlemen
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act? When did it release?
1. U.S. federal law that suspended the immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years and prevented Chinese immigrants from becoming U.S. citizens. Fuelled by anti-Chinese sentiment and economic competition, the act was extended and strengthened, becoming permanent until its repeal in 1943
2. 1882
Why did the money supply become a major political issue, especially for small farmers, during the Gilded Age? How did it impact American politics?
Money in circulation decreased by 10%, farmers claimed that sound money lowered prices for their crops and herds and drove deeper into debt.
Overproduction and international competition
Panic of 1893
Bryan launched the Democratic shift from pro-business conservatism to a liberal reform party
Who are Nativists?
1. racists who believed that "Anglo-Saxon" Americans, people of German or British background, were superior to the newcomers
Anti-Immigrant sentiment. Similar to Know Nothing Party.
What did Hayes stand for?
What did Harrison Stand for?
What did Cleveland stand for?
1. merit system
gold coinage.
2. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Raised tariffs
3. railroad regulation
minimal gov't activity
tariff reform
What was the "Farmers Alliance"?
organized social and recreational activities for small farmers and their families while also emphasizing political action and economic cooperation to address the hardships caused by chronic indebtedness, declining crop prices, and drought
Who were the “new immigrants” of the late nineteenth century? How were they were viewed by American society?
1. Southern and Eastern Europe, mainly from Russia, Poland, Greece, and Italy. (Judaism, Eastern Orthodox and Cathloics.).
2. Nativists (the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.) saw them as a THREAT to their jobs and ways of life.
How did urban growth and the increasingly important role of science influence leisure activities, cultural life, and social policy in the Gilded Age?
Science: urbanization and technological progress contributed to the prestige of modern science
Leisure activities: mass entertainment
Cultural life: realism
Social policy: social darwinism, more political corruption
What is Social Darwinism?
What is Reformed Darwinism?
1. human society and its institutions evolved through the same process of natural selection, "survival of the fittest"
2. gov't should pursue to alleviate poverty and promote education of the masses.
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
crusading preacher of the Populists
launched the Democratic shift from pro-business conservatism to a liberal reform party
What was the subtreasury plan
farmers could store their crops in gov't run warehouses and obtain cash loans for up to 80% of the crops' value
Who are "Old Immigrants"?
Protestants and Catholics from northern and western Europe
How did the nature of politics during the Gilded Age contribute to political corruption and stalemate?
Politics were controlled by rings who each had a boss who used his machine to govern
Party bosses
Patronage system
What is Natural Selection?
What is Glided Age Politics?
1. most organisms produce many more offspring than can survive; those offspring with certain favorable characteristics adapt and live, while others die from starvation, disease, or predators.
2. more political corruption than innovation
Who are Populists?
WHo are rings?
1. unlimited coinage of silver, a progressive income tax, and federal ownership of railroads, 8 hour workday and restrict immigration
2. small groups who shaped policy and managed nomination and election of candidates
What is the tariff reform?
Congress should reduce tariff rates and the number of imported goods subject to tariffs to enable European companies to compete in the American marketplace
What is "Realism"?
focused on depicting urban-industrial America
How effective were politicians in developing responses to the major economic and social problems of the Gilded Age?
Merit system
Civil Service Commission
Tariff Reform
What does "Boss" refer to?
What does "Machine" refer to?
What are "Party Bosses"?
1. used his machine to govern.
2. a network of neighborhood activists and officials.
3. often decided who the candidates would be and commanded loyalty and obedience by rewarding and punishing their party members.
What are "Mugwumps"?
Anti-Blaine republicans; federal jobs to be based on merit.
What was the panic of 1893
worst depression the nation had experienced, marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky financing which set off bank failtures