Enlightenment
This Enlightenment concept asserts that all people are born with certain inalienable rights, including life, liberty, and property.
Natural Rights
This hierarchy was divided into three parts and dominated French society before the revolution.
The Estates System
This form of coercive labor dominated the island of Haiti.
Slavery
List two European powers that colonized the majority of Central and South America.
Spain and Portugal
List two American documents that were heavily influenced by Enlightenment philosophers, including Locke and Montesquieu.
The Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution, the Bill of Rights
This Enlightenment philosopher believed that people are born "tabula rasa" or "blank slates."
John Locke
This brilliant general seized power in the Coup of Brumaire and later anointed himself emperor of France.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Which two cash crops were Haitian slaves forced to grow? These two cash crops were incredibly popular then and today, making them profitable for plantation owners.
Coffee and sugar
This Venezuelan general and statesman was nicknamed "The Liberator" for his role in fighting Spain through South America. Today, the country Bolivia is named after him.
Simon Bolivar
Name the people who composed the First and Second Estates before the French Revolution.
First Estate: Clergy
Second Estate: Nobility
This Enlightenment philosopher believed that a government that protects people's natural rights must have separation of powers and checks and balances.
Baron de Montesquieu
This period of the French Revolution is infamous for Robespierre's persecution of so-called enemies of the revolution and widespread use of the guillotine.
The Reign of Terror
This document published in 1804 made Haiti the first successful slave revolt and black-led independence movement in world history.
The Haitian Declaration of Independence
When Simon Bolivar fled to the Carribean to escape capture by the Spanish, we wrote this famous document that called for independence from Spain and the protection of Latin American natural rights.
The Letter from Jamaica
This battle finally ended Napoleon's rule as emperor of France when his forces were defeated by the British.
The Battle of Waterloo.
This Enlightenment concept asserts that if a government oppresses people's natural rights, then the people have a duty to overthrow that government.
The Social Contract
This document was created by the National Assembly and still significantly influences our conceptions of natural and human rights today.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
This Haitian general and statesman led Haiti's fight against France from 1791-1802, when he was arrested and later died while in French custody.
Toussaint Louverture
This Mexican priest and revolutionary gave a speech called the "Grito de Dolores" that started the Mexican Revolution against Spain. He wouldn't live to see it, but the revolution was eventually successful.
Father Miguel Hidalgo
True or false: The French Revolution was a direct cause of the Haitian Revolution.
True
List three historical circumstances of the Enlightenment.
The Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, increasing urbanization, rise of a middle class, spread of new technologies, etc.
France declared war on this country in 1792, kicking off a series of conflicts known as the French Revolutionary Wars or Napoleonic Wars.
Austria
List three advantages that the Haitian army had over the French army when Napoleon sent French troops to Haiti to attempt to re-enslave the Haitian population.
Resistance to tropical diseases like malaria, knowledge of the terrain, control of ports, something to fight for (freedom, independence, etc.)
This social class in Latin America before the Latin American Wars of Independence began composed Europeans born in Latin America. They were exposed to Enlightenment ideals in their European education and spread them throughout Latin America before the revolutions began.
Creoles
Name the vocab term that fits the following definition: a nation's right to govern itself.
Hint: Individuals also possess this ability.
Sovereignty or self-determination