Feudalism
The 100 Years' War was fought between these two countries
What are England and France
Organizations that facilitated a hierarchical and structured craft production system
What are guilds
The Renaissance began in this country and city
What is Florence Italy
This led to growing inflation within Europe in the 16th century
What is the Spain's importation of gold and silver
Machiavelli believed that "good laws and institutions" depended on this
What is military strength
System of law established by the Pope for the Western Church that affirmed the authority of the spiritual rulers
What is Canon Law
The period of greatest artistic growth when leaders of Italian city-states and the Church invested heavily in artists
What is the High Renaissance
The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre resulted in the killing of these people
Who are the French Huguenots
While Italian Renaissance painters favored idealism, the painters of the Northern Renaissance preferred this
What is realism
Western European towns used charters to accomplish this
limit the control of nobles and rulers over the town.
The Babylonian Captivity refers to a time when the Popes lived in this city
What is Avignon, France
This Council reaffirmed the power of the Pope, the seven sacraments, and the presence of Christ in the Eucharist
What is the Council of Trent
One factor that contributed to a shift in social composition (3)
What is movement from a subsistence to commercial agriculture
What is expansion of commerce as a result of exploration and colonization
What is a reliance on a money-oriented economy
Factors that contributed to the continuing fragmentation of Europe
What are differing languages and long travel distances
This group brought military expertise to the Italian city-states:
condottieri, signiori, or the Medici
Who are the condottieri
What is the Treaty of Westphalia
How did the Reformation in England strengthen King Henry VIIIs power (3)
What is increased appeal to the people by breaking from Rome
What is allowed the King to challenge papal authority via parliament
What is allowed King Henry to end his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
A significant reason that rulers encouraged the end of serfdom during the twelfth century onward
What is to free peasants and allow them to be taxed
From which area of Europe were Muslims and Jews systematically persecuted and expelled from: Central, Eastern, or Western Europe.
Western Europe
Calvin and this city government of attempted to regulate people’s conduct in order to create a godly city on earth
What is Geneva
What is to enforce the conversion of the Islamic Moors and Jews
The death of which monarch meant that it was very unlikely that England would ever become part of the Spanish Empire?
Who is Mary (Bloody Mary) Tudor
Finding no gold on his explorations, what did Christopher Columbus suggest to Ferdinand and Isabella, and what was the term for this practice
What is selling people as slaves (Encomienda)
This decree divided the world into exploration zones for the Spanish and Portuguese, sanctioning conquest and conversion of the native population by the Pope.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
This Tuscan poet was one of the first to rediscover classical learning and lived in Avignon during the Avignon Papacy
Who was Francesco Petrarch
These religions sprang from Catholicism during the Reformation (5)
This economic development led to England's ability to successfully utilize it's domestic labor force for production
What is the "cottage industry"
This practice ensured the full inheritance of all land by the eldest son
What is primogeniture