Social Scientists
This person interprets the past, studies written records
Who is a Historian
The climate and geography of these ____________ favored agriculture.
provide good farmland- (A plentiful water supply provided the means for irrigation.
___________also provided a source of fresh water and transportation (e.g. the transportation of soldiers and resources).
_____________ contained rich soils because of annual (yearly) floods.
What is the River Valley Civilizations (Nile, Mesopotamia, Indus, Yellow)
Constantinople (the capital of the _________________) was a prosperous center of trade. Its strategic location (on the Bosporus Strait) gave the _________________ control of key trade routes between Europe and Asia.
The _____________ conquered Constantinople in 1453. This event marked the end of the _____________________. The city of Constantinople (called Istanbul by the Turks) became the new capital of the ________________. ______________ control of the region caused the disruption of overland trade between Europe and Asia. This motivated Europeans (Spain and Portugal) to begin the Age of Exploration.
What is the Byzantine and Ottoman Empire
This classical civ. was ruled by two main dynasties.
It had followed the philosophies:
-Legalism: Based on the idea that humans are evil and that harsh punishments are needed to keep order
-Confucianism: The MAJOR philosophy, followed the Five relationships. Filial Piety (people must honor and respect the elders of their family
-Daoism/Taoism: They lived in harmony with nature.
What is Classical China
The Eastern portion of the Roman Empire became known as this
What is The Byzantine Empire
This person studies the Earth's surface and its impact on humans. They examine topography, climate, migration, and the way humans adapt to different environments
Who is a Geographer
The mountainous topography (terrain) of _____________ led to the creation of widely scattered settlements that developed into small, independent CITY-STATES.
(The mountainous terrain prevented the _________ city-states from uniting to form a single nation.)
___________ IRREGULAR COASTLINE and many islands provided excellent HARBORS that encouraged SEAFARING TRADE.
What is Greece
The place where a study of Aztec, Maya, and Inca agricultural systems would show that these civilizations adapted to their environments with creative farming techniques
What is South America
This classical civilization was ruled by the Mauryan Dynasty and the Gupta Dynasty
The Mauryan Dynasty had Ashoka, he converted to Buddhism during his reign. Known for his kind treatment, promoted the Pillars of Ashoka (pillars that reflected the Buddhist teachings)
The Gupta Dynasty was the Golden age of this classical civilization. Art, literature, math, and science; invention of zero in mathematics, Sanskrit writing, and beautiful Buddhist paintings and metal work
What is Classical India
The state building in the Middle ages where most people lived on manors (areas of land owned by a noble).
Each manor had homes, farmland, artisans, water, and serfs (peasants that could not leave the land and who performed farm labor for the noble).
Since each manor was mostly self-sufficient (provided for its own needs), trade decreased during the Middle Ages.
What is Manorialism
This person studies how societies use available resources. They often ask and try to answer the following 3 questions about civilizations:
What goods and services are produced?
How are goods and services produced?
How are goods and services distributed
Who is an Economist
The topography and climate of _________ has limited migration and economic development. The large deserts that dominate the landscape of northern (the Sahara desert) and southern (the Kalahari desert) ________ slowed land travel.
These barriers (waterfalls, rapids, highlands, steep cliffs, deserts) delayed European colonization of central ___________. The variety of geographic barriers has also served to promote cultural diversity
What is Africa
The type of farming used by the Inca people
(Hint: The Andes Mountains)
What is terrace farming
This civilization had the first direct democracy (citizens can vote)
Used the Hellenistic Culture- Alexander the Great spread Hellenic culture to all of the areas he conquered
Developed city-states because of the mountainous topography
What is Classical Greece
The religious wars where Christians and Muslims fought over the Holy land (sacred area of the Middle East that includes Jerusalem)
It was caused because many European Christians believed the Holy Land should not be controlled by the Muslims, as well as many poor Europeans wanted to escape from feudalism
What are the Crusades
This person studies physical artifacts of a culture
In _________, agricultural productivity is affected by the seasonal monsoons.
The history of _________ (including the Maurya Empire has been shaped by the monsoon cycle, the Himalaya Mountains, and the Indus River.
__________ has been affected by the Hindu Kush and Himalayan Mountains in the north. This impacted the spread of ideas and trade OUTSIDE of ____________. This also made it difficult to invade, providing protection.
What is India or South Asia
These two places are located in Asia:
- This place is an archipelago (a chain of islands) with irregular coastlines. Irregular coastlines provide natural harbors that promote seafaring trade.
- This second place had slowed the exchange of ideas because of the Himalayan Mountains and the Gobi Desert
What is Japan and China
This civilization was located on the peninsula of Italy
Used "The Republic" (a representative government)
The Twelve Tables- earliest attempt of a Code if Law, but these laws often favored the rich.
The advancement in roads and the creation of aqueducts. As well as the Birth of Christianity
What is Classical Rome
The Chinese dynasty that built China's grand canal which united the North and South, it improved transportation and shipping. Also resulted in setting China up for a Golden Age
What is the Sui Dynasty
This person studies past and present human cultures. They examine the culture of past human societies through analysis of physical remains (artifacts)
Who is an Anthropologist
Access to important trade routes was a major reason the Renaissance began in _______ cities. ___________ city-states grew wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia during the Commercial Revolution. Wealthy patrons supported the arts and education, prompting the Renaissance.
What is Italy
These people adapted to the Russian Steppes
Who are the Mongols
This civilization was in the lowland region of Mesoamerica (Mexico and Central America)
They developed a calendar and a form of writing. Invented the use of zero in math. They build large monumental architecture with out the use of animals to help them
Who are the Maya people
These dynasties conducted long distance trade with other civilizations on land and by sea
Some Accomplishments
-Gunpowder was "discovered" by Daoist monks, Wu Zhao was the first and only female emperor of China
- First standing navy, iron and steel industries developed
What are the Tang and Song Dynasties