Paleolithic + Neolithic
How did Paleolithic people get their food?
Hunting and gathering
On which continent did modern humans first appear?
Africa
What ancient kingdom did Hammurabi rule?
Babylon
What major river was essential to the development of ancient Egypt?
Nile River
What is the holy book of Judaism called?
Torah
What word describes people who move from place to place instead of living in one location?
Nomadic
What do we call a negative reason that causes people to leave their homeland?
Push factor
What is a code of law?
A written set of rules and punishments.
What is the rich, fertile soil left behind when a river floods?
Silt
What is the belief in only ONE God called?
Monotheism
What major change began during the Neolithic Revolution?
Agriculture (farming and domestication)
Which TWO rivers surrounded the civilization of Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
The phrase “an eye for an eye” represents what type of punishment?
Retribution
What writing system used picture symbols to represent sounds and ideas in ancient Egypt?
Hieroglyphics
Who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and received the Ten Commandments?
Moses
How did having a surplus of food lead to job specialization?
Not everyone needed to farm, allowing people to work other jobs.
A village has little rainfall, but a nearby river valley has fresh water and fertile soil. Identify ONE push factor and ONE pull factor.
Push: Lack of rain. Pull: Fresh water or fertile soil.
Why did Hammurabi’s Code give different punishments to people who committed similar crimes?
Punishments depended on social class or status.
Why did the Greek historian Herodotus describe Egypt as a “gift of the river”? Give TWO reasons.
The Nile provided water for farming, and its floods left fertile soil for growing crops.
Why was the Babylonian Exile considered a push factor for the Jewish people?
They were forced to leave their homeland after Babylon conquered Judah.
Why was the Neolithic Revolution a turning point in history? Identify ONE benefit and ONE cost.
Farming led to permanent settlements and civilizations, but also caused problems such as disease, inequality, or harder labor.
Explain how living near rivers eventually led to the development of civilizations. Give at least THREE steps in the cause-and-effect chain.
Rivers supported farming → food surplus → population growth and specialized jobs → cities and governments.
Explain why Hammurabi’s Code was a turning point in history, even though its punishments were not equal.
It made laws written and public, helping establish lasting legal systems, although punishments differed by social class.
Explain how the Nile River’s flooding helped scribes become important members of Egyptian society.
Flooding helped produce large harvests. Scribes recorded the grain and other information for the pharaoh, giving them an important position in the social hierarchy.
Identify ONE similarity and ONE difference between Hammurabi’s Code and the Ten Commandments.
Similarity: Both established rules for how people should behave. Difference: Hammurabi’s Code included specific punishments based on social class, while the Ten Commandments focused on religious and moral laws.