Agriculture
Trade & the Colombian Exchange
Crops & the Green Revolution
The Indexes
Gentrification & Redlining
100
What is Commercial Agriculture?
The production of food primarily for sale off the farm.
100
What is Pastoral Nomadism?
A way of life where people move their homes and belongings regularly, typically with their livestock, to find new grazing lands for their animals.
100
What is a Crop?
Any plant cultivated by people
100
What is the Literacy Rate?
The rate of people who can read vs the amount of people who can’t read
100
What is displacing?
To compel people or animals to move out of the area where they live
200
What are Cash Crops?
Crops that are grown to sell on market; not for personal consumption
200
What is Subsistence Agricultural?
The production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family.
200
What is Desertification?
Overuse of the soil degrades it, and causes it to dry out (making it a desert)
Could be from overgrazing animals or overplanting
200
What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?
Measures the difference in HDI between men and women in three dimensions:
Income
Education
Life expectancy
200
What is Marginalizing?
Someone or group kept in a less powerful or unimportant position within a society or group
300
What is Livestock?
Are farm animals for market or trade (not just for your family consumption)
300
What is Intensive Subsistence Agriculture?
A farming practice where farmers, using small plots of land and a significant amount of labor, aim to maximize output to feed their families and potentially trade a small surplus.
300
What is Plantation Farming?
A commercial farming system characterized by the cultivation of a single crop over a large area of land, typically in tropical or subtropical regions. These farms, often producing cash crops for export, focus on large-scale production, heavy use of labor and inputs, and high rates of investment.
300
What does the Gender Development Index (GDI) do?
Measures gender inequalities in human development achievements across three key dimensions: health, education, and living standards. (1 = genders are equal)
300
What is Gentrification?
A process that can occur when wealthier people move into lower-income neighborhoods, prompting cultural shifts, increases in prices, and the displacement of long-standing, lower-income residents
400
What Are GMOs?
Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods
400
What is Fair Trade?
Promotes sustainability
- It focuses on improving their livelihoods, ensuring safe working conditions, and promoting environmental sustainability.
400
What was the Green Revolution?
Introduction of high-yield seeds
Expanded use of fertilizer
Wheat, rice, Technology
400
What is the Gross National Income (GNI)?
Total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses.
400
What are Restrictive Covenants?
The clause on a property restricting someone who meets certain criteria (specified in the covenant) from purchasing the property.
500
What is Organic Agriculture?
Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs
500
What is the Columbian Exchange & what are 5 examples of things traded across the Atlantic?
Transfer of animals, plants, ideas, diseases
In 1492 Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue
Connected the continents across the Atlantic
EX:
500
Who was the Father of the Green Revolution & who was he trying to help with his inventions?
Norman Borlaug & he was trying to help the poorer small farmers.
500
What is Human Development Index (HDI)?
Measures quality of life --- Inequality caused by:
Governmental policies
Infrastructure development
Access to education
Regional differences
Cultural norms concerning race, gender and ethnicity
500
What is Redlining?
Redlining is a discriminatory practice where financial services, particularly mortgages and insurance, are denied to residents of certain neighborhoods, often based on racial or ethnic composition. This practice, historically used in the United States, has led to significant disparities in wealth, housing, and other economic outcomes.