Nature
What is the name of the cocoa tree?
Theobroma Cacao tree
Where can cocoa be grown?
In a narrow belt 15° either side of the Equator, however, due to the modernisation of agriculture cocoa can be grown in most regions between the tropics
What level of sunlight is ideal for cocoa growing?
Usually grow in the shade of other trees and generally like dappled light
Where are the growth markets for chocolate?
Asia, un particular China and Japan
What protocol was introduced in 2001 to reduce child slavery in cocoa?
Harkin-Engel Protocol
What is the cocoa value chain?
Farmer - traders/exporters - grinders - choc and beverage companies
Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon and Cote D’Ivoire (the Ivory Coast) with 74% of global production; Equatorial South America in Brazil and Ecuador (18%), and SE Asia in Malaysia and Indonesia (6%). Today cocoa is grown in nearly 60 tropical countries.
What is disease or pest that impacts the cocoa tree?
cocoa beetle
Name three cocoa schemes / fair trade programs
Rainforest Alliance
FairTrade
Cocoa LifeUTZ
Conservation AllianceHow is the Ivory Coast government is trying to increase the price of cocoa?
Cocoa auctions and setting a minimum price
What type of farms are most cocoa farms?
Smallholder, family run farms usually between 5 - 20 acres
Where is cocoa consumed?
EU – 55%, Malaysia – 13%, the US – 11% and others 21%.
What is the FFS? (Its teaches farmers about modern farming practices)
Who tries to predict how biophysical factors will affect cocoa productions and bet on how it will impact the future price
This forecasting is used by futures traders to make millions of dollars predicting and trading of beans from offices in New York, London and dubai
This is an organisation, composed of both cocoa producing and cocoa consuming member countries that works towards a sustainable cocoa industry
The International Cocoa Organization (ICCO)
What is the spatial pattern of cocoa?
Grown in low social economic countries, consumed in high social economic countries
What are the biophysical conditions for cocoa
humid tropical climates with even temperatures, with a range between 21oC and 32oC, with a fairly constant rainfall of 1000 to 2500mm per year, are needed without hot dry winds and drought.
The use of inorganic fertilizer and exhaustion of soils impacts on what?
Soil productivity
What was the global cocoa industry worth in 2022?
The global cocoa and chocolate market is estimated to be $48.29 billion in 2022
What is one way that companies like Nestle can ensure that cocoa beans come from reputable farmers which do not use child or slave labour.
traceability / farm certification / fair trade
What are the steps to harvesting cocoa? (you must get all of them in order)
1. When the pods are dark red/purple they are harvested
2. The mucilage is removed from their husk
3. The beans are fermented - usually under banana fonds for 2 - 6 days
4. Drying of the beans
5. grading and packing into 60kg hessian sacks
What are the three key issues that will shape the future direction of cocoa production?
1. Child labour
2. Fair trade pricing
3. Environmental sustainability / farming practices
these processes are reducing biodiversity in favour of a monoculture crop
Deforestation and land clearing
How many children work on cocoa farms in Ghana alone (must be close!!)
There are roughly 708,000 children working on cocoa farms in Ghana
What is the Pelle Bongo?
A tool invented my Stanford University students that is designed to easily remove the musilage at the same times as opening the seed