Here there be Monsters
Most deaths during the middle passage were from this, caused by crowded conditions and lack of sanitation. This is also said to be the major cause of population decline among Native Americans.
What is disease?
A high tax placed on imported goods, usually from an unfriendly country.
What is a Tariff?
Unlike the colonists at Jamestown, these colonists came to North America for religious freedom.
Who are the Pilgrims?
One key thing that Europeans learned through their voyages was the existence of these continents.
What are North and South America?
Most enslaved Africans came from west-central Africa and the "slave coast". They were mostly taken to these two regions in the Americas.
What are Brazil and the Caribbean?
The increase in prices over time, caused by increases in demand and increases in costs to produce goods.
What is Inflation?
This economic system relies on individual business owners and companies to own and run their businesses for profit.
What is Capitalism?
In New Spain, the colonists had the right to demand labor from Native Americans. If you wanted to escape slavery, you had to give up your name, language, and culture, become a Christian, and live in one of these.
What are Missions?
Bartolomeu Dias reached the southernmost point of Africa, proving that it was possible to reach this coveted trade destination by sea.
What is India?
The second leg of the Triangular Trade, in which enslaved Africans were brought to the Americas and suffered many hardships.
What is the Middle Passage?
Also known as "ship's biscuit," this rock-hard bread was first soaked in grog or stew and then eaten by sailors and pirates. Though it never got moldy, that didn't stop bugs and worms from eating their fill.
What is Hardtack?
This economic system, popular in colonizing countries, gives strict control over foreign and colonial trade to the government, allowing the mother country to become VERY RICH.
What is Mercantilism?
In contrast to their later relationship, the Aztec leader Moctezuma first welcomed this Spanish Conquistador as an honored guest.
Who is Hernan Cortez?
This circular device allowed sailors to determine their latitude on earth based on the stars.
What is an Astrolabe?
The mixture of these three cultures (and later others) has led to North and South America being some of the most ethnically diverse places on earth today.
Who are Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans?
This Italian explorer made four voyages to the Caribbean on behalf of Spain; He never reached North or South America, but we still celebrate the day he first landed.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
Much of Spain's wealth during the 1500s-1700s came from gold and silver artifacts from these empires, melted down and made into ingots.
Who are the Aztecs and Incas?
Though his methods were dishonest, this Portuguese explorer was the first to reach India by sea, and firmly established Portuguese control over the Spice Trade.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
This French explorer established the city of Quebec for New France, helping them control the lucrative beaver fur trade.
Who is Samuel de Champlain?
In New Spain, the term Creole referred to someone born in this place, instead of in Spain itself.
What is New Spain/Spanish Colonies?
Despite the risks of leaving home and moving to a faraway wilderness, colonies belonging to this Northern European Nation grew much more quickly than the colonies belonging to its neighbors.
What is England?
While gold and silver were not immediately available, the colony of Brazil managed to become profitable by growing, processing, and selling this cash crop.
What is sugar?
This special type of pirate uses the same methods of fear and fame to steal treasure, but they did so against specific targets with the government's permission.
What is a Privateer?
This English explorer and privateer was the first to sail south of South America, through one of the most dangerous seas in the world. As a result, it is named after him.
Who is Sir Francis Drake?
The lifestyles of Native North Americans were changed forever when Europeans introduced this animal, which allowed them to hunt buffalo in much greater numbers.
What are horses?