Age of Exploration
Name one of the three "G" motives during the Age of Exploration.
What is God, Gold, or Glory?
As a significant effect of the Columbian Exchange, this crop was introduced into the diet of Europeans, specifically the Irish.
What are potatoes?
The primary purpose of this historic 1776 American document was to state the reasons for the American Revolution and declare freedom from Great Britain.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This estate was deeply discontent because they formed the overwhelming majority of the population but bore the country's entire tax burden.
What is the Third Estate?
This radical political figure seized control of the French government in a swift coup d’état after the chaos of the revolution subsided.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
Spain sponsored this famous Italian explorer's first voyage to the west in 1492 with the primary goal of finding a more direct trade route to Asia.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
This term refers to the brutal trans-Atlantic journey of enslaved people from Africa to the New World.
What was the Middle Passage?
The Declaration of Independence directly reflected Enlightenment ideals by stating that all people possess these rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
What are natural rights?
When locked out of their official assembly room, members of the Third Estate gathered nearby and made this pledge to keep meeting until they finished writing a just constitution.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
This period of the French Revolution saw over 40,000 suspected "enemies of the revolution" executed via the guillotine.
What was the Reign of Terror?
This explorer's voyage is considered a major turning point in world history because one of his ships was the first to successfully circumnavigate the Earth.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
Under this economic system, colonies exist strictly for the financial benefit of the ruling colonial power.
What is mercantilism?
This English philosopher, who believed that people were naturally good and rational, served as the primary inspiration for Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence.
Who was John Locke?
This medieval fortress and prison was stormed by a Parisian mob on July 14, 1789, marking the symbolic, violent start of the French Revolution.
What is the Bastille?
This radical leader orchestrated the Reign of Terror, and was executed by his own guillotine.
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
This Portuguese royal established a foundational school for navigators and mapmakers, heavily accelerating early European exploration along the African coast.
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
In a mercantilist economy, a nation strives to achieve this favorable status by exporting more goods to other nations than it imports from them.
What is a favorable balance of trade?
This slogan became the defining rallying cry for American colonists who felt British taxes violated their rights as English citizens.
What is "No taxation without representation"?
Severe national debt, rising food prices, an unfair class system, and inspiration from the American Revolution were all major causes of this upheaval.
This French term refers specifically to a sudden, often violent overthrow of an existing government, usually by a military figure.
What is a coup d'état?
To prevent war between Spain and Portugal, this imaginary line was drawn splitting the New World in two. This line is the reason Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking country in South America.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This cash crop, grown heavily in the Caribbean (Haiti) and South America, drove the initial, massive demand for forced labor via the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
What is sugar cane?
This 1787 document later established a basic set of laws for the United States, utilizing Montesquieu's idea of separate branches of government to maintain order.
What is the United States Constitution?
This estate consisted of the top 1% of France, the wealthiest of the elite.
This massive set of laws introduced by Napoleon eliminated feudal privileges and established uniform legal rules across France, yet restricted free speech.
What is the Napoleonic Code?