Medieval Europe & Feudalism
In Medieval Europe, this was the most powerful organization; it played both a secular and religious role.
What is the Roman Catholic Church?
These two things, when implemented, helped to limit the power of the English king.
What is the Magna Carta (1215) & Parliament?
The Renaissance was a rebirth of what two civilization's ideals?
Greek and Roman
Who was the inventor of the printing press?
Johann Gutenberg
What idea did the Chinese have that was one major cause of the Ming Dynasty's isolation, which led to them falling behind?
Ethnocentrism
In a Feudal system of government, a person known as a _____ receives land called a _____. In exchange they must provide land and military service to their lord.
Vassal & Fief
This is an area in which a great majority of the people share the same culture, speak the same language and are aware of it.
What is a Nation State?
List 3 Properties of Humanism
- Inherent worth and dignity of human beings
- The importance of reason and science in understanding the world
- Belief in human potential and responsibility
What did Ignatius Loyola do?
Founded the Jesuits
"The Law Giver"
Suleiman the Magnificent
In Medieval Europe, this was the code that knights followed that stressed bravery, valiance and courtesy.
What is Chivalry?
This plague that occured in Europe and Asia during the High Middle Ages and killed approximately 1/3 of the population in Europe.
What is the Bubonic Plague?
List 3 Aspects of Renaissance Art
Secular aspect
Perspective
Realism
What was Martin Luther's main problem with the Church?
Indulgences, sold by Friar Tetzel.
The elite infantry force within the Ottoman Empire.
Janissaries
This economic system existed in Medieval Europe where peasants and serfs would be given a place to live. In exchange they must farm and produce food for the lord that owns the land. Most peasants and serfs would not leave this land on which they worked and each of these systems was self sufficient.
What is manorialism?
This 'revolution' that occured in Western Europe at the end of the Middle Ages helped to increase commerce in Europe & facilitate the rise of Capitalism.
What is the Commercial Revolution?
List 2 differences between Middle Age Art and Renaissance Art.
Subject matter - focusing on real life, not solely religious matters
Realism - portraying things the way they really are
Name two religions that branched from the Catholic Church and a main belief that defined their religion.
Calvinism - Predestination
Protestantism - salvation through Jesus Christ
Jesuits - commitment to poverty, chastity, and obedience
Explain how the Ottoman Empire's existence led to new discoveries through exploration.
Needed alternative trade routes to Asia from Europe ==> Went West ==> Yay discovery
This series of religious or "Holy Wars" sought to regain Jerusalem and the "Holy Land" from the Seljuk Turks. Please say the name of these wars and explain why they were a successful failure.
* The Crusades
Reasons it was a successful failure:
Crusaders didn't permanently gain holy land but:
* They increased cultural diffusion & trade (West wants Eastern technologies).
* Some nobles died in war so the monarch gained their land and therefore power (decline in feudalism).
* Serfs are freed and paid due to a lack of labor.
* Increased interest in exploring, traveling & other places.
This war that occured from 1337 to 1453 occurred as a function of England and France fighting over French land. Despite the war, in the long-term, it helped to inspire nationalism, ended the feudal period and facilitated the formation of England & France.
What is the Hundred Years' War?
Who wrote the Prince? What was it about? Who was its target audience?
The political treatise "The Prince" was written by Niccolò Machiavelli. It explored the practicalities of acquiring and maintaining political power, suggesting that rulers might sometimes need to prioritize ruthlessness over morality. The target audience for "The Prince" was primarily the ruling elite.
Describe the Act of Supremacy, what was the reasoning behind it? Who declared it?
The Act of Supremacy, declared King Henry VIII of England the "Supreme Head of the Church of England," granting him ultimate authority over religious matters and breaking the ties with the Roman Catholic Church. This act was primarily driven by Henry's desire to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon, which the Pope refused to grant
Explain the difference in how Spain and Portugal secured wealth when colonizing.
Spain colonized the land itself to get resources, and Portugal secured the routes of trade.