Source Analysis
Hernán Cortés wrote a series of letters to this Spanish king (and Holy Roman Emperor).
Charles V
This Iberian empire focused on a maritime route around Africa to reach Asia.
Portugal or the Portuguese Empire
This Islamic empire ruled over a diverse population, including Hindus, in South Asia.
Mughal Empire
Choose a revolution, and name two historical figures who advocated for that revolution.
American Revolution: Richard Price, Charles James Fox, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington
French Revolution: Richard Price, Mary Wollstonecraft, Charles James Fox, Thomas Paine, Saint-Just, Georges Danton, J.B. Belley
Haitian Revolution: J.B. Belley, Toussaint Louverture, William Wilberforce
Spanish American Wars of Independence: Francisco de Miranda, Bernardo O'Higgins, José Maria Morelos
Name two historical figures who advocated for the rights of the poor, enslaved, or women.
Richard Price, Mary Wollstonecraft, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, Susan B. Anthony, Belley, Louverture, Wilberforce, Morelos
This 1513 document demanded Indigenous peoples accept Spanish authority or face war and enslavement.
El Requerimiento or The Requirement
This empire claimed vast territories in the Americas, including Mexico and Peru.
Spain or the Spanish Empire
This Ottoman policy allowed religious minorities to govern their own communities.
Millet system
Choose a revolution, and name one historical figure who opposed that revolution.
Haitian Revolution: Napoleon
Spanish American Wars of Independence: King Fernando VII of Spain
Name two historical figures who had very different views on human rights and duties.
Example: Jean-Baptiste Belley and George Fitzhugh have opposing views on slavery.
What event in 1492 launched the Spanish colonization of the Americas?
Christopher Columbus's First Voyage and "Discovery" of America (or what he thought was Asia)
Name one shared motivation for Spanish and Portuguese exploration.
What is spreading Christianity or finding wealth (especially gold, spices, silk)?
This Mughal emperor is known for promoting religious tolerance.
Akbar the Great
Choose any revolution. Name two figures who were positively impacted by that revolution.
American Revolution: Alexander Hamilton and George Washington benefited because they became leaders of the new American government.
Answers may vary
Name two figures who advocated for traditional duties or feudal privileges.
William Pitt the Younger, Charles X of France, George Fitzhugh, Fernando VII of Spain, etc.
In the letter from Cortés, Moctezume mentions this prophecy about foreign rulers.
Descendents of their ancestral ruler would return to conquer the land
Name one major port city in the Portuguese Empire.
Africa: Ceuta, Tangier, Luanda, Sofala
Asia: Goa, Cochin, Malacca, Macao, Hormuz, Muscat, Colombo, Timor
Americas: Salvador da Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Recife, etc.
The Ottomans controlled this significant trade city, the capital of their empire.
Formerly Constantinople, now Istanbul
Choose any revolution. Name two figures who experienced that revolution differently.
Haitian Revolution: Toussaint Louverture and William Wilberforce both opposed slavery, but experienced the revolution differently since Louverture was actively involved in it, while Wilberforce was in the UK more concerned with the slave trade in the British Empire.
Name one figure who advocated for rights for one group, but ignored or rejected the rights of another group of people.
Example: Though he fought for American independence, George Washington was a slave owner.
Identify one reason El Requerimiento is considered unreliable as a historical source.
It was used as a justification for violence and conquest, so content is not reliable for understanding communication between Spanish and native Americans
Give one reason why the Spanish colonial strategy differed from the Portuguese.
Reconquista, 1492: Success in wars against Muslims inspired further conquests, leading to land-based empires in the Americas
Spread of Diseases: Unlike Asians and Africans, native Americans were highly vulnerable to diseases carried by the Spanish, so conquest of large kingdoms was possible due to societal collapse
Give one reason why the Ottoman and Mughal Empires addressed religious diversity differently.
Majority vs. Minority: Ottoman Empire was majority Muslim and Mughal Empire was majority Hindu, so religious tolerance was more important for stability in Mughal Empire
Conflict with Christianity: Unlike the Mughals, Ottoman Empire bordered Christian Europe, which was hostile to Islam, so Ottomans used devshirme system and janissaries to defend itself against this threat
Choose any revolution. Give one reason why two figures experienced that revolution differently.
French Revolution: Charles X of France and Saint-Just experienced the revolution differently because Charles X belonged to the French royal family, so he fled France during the violence of the revolution, while Saint-Just was a member of the Third Estate who rose to power in the new revolutionary government.
Name one figure whose views on human rights changed over time. Give one reason why their views changed.
Example: Benjamin Franklin originally owned slaves but liberated them in the 1760's due to the growing criticism of slavery within his religious community, the Quakers.