Ancient India
What is karma and dharma? What do people hope to achieve with this?
karma: sum of one's good and bad actions during life
Dharma: one's duty according to their caste
People in Ancient India hoped to achieve reincarnation
What was the Warring States period?
Kingdom's in China were all fighting each other for land and power
The Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the __________________.
Holy Roman Empire
What happened to Western Europe as a result of the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Western Europe became multiple small kingdoms with kings, wars, and constant struggles for power.
Japan is an _________, or made up of a series of islands
archipelago
What is the difference between Hinduism and Buddhism? (A belief)
Buddhism believes in the eightfold path
Who united China? Under what kingdom?
Qin Shi Huangdi united China under the Qin dynasty
What did Justinian and Theodora attempt to do?
Sought to revive the prestige of the Roman Empire; Theodora attempted to spread christianity by building Christian Cathedrals.
What was the unifying force in Europe?
The new Catholic Church
What is terrace farming and why did it develop in Japan?
Terrace farming Is farming set up on mountains (it looks like a terrace) and it developed in Japan because of it's extremely mountainous region
What was the Mayran empire?
Powerful empire in India founded by Chandragupta Maurya. They killed anyone who crossed them. They were brutal in efforts to take more land
What is legalism?
Philosophical belief in Ancient China that humans are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are naturally selfish. Therefore, harsh laws have to be created to prevent people from doing the wrong things.
What type of government did the Byzantine Empire have?
A centralized government where all power and decision-making was concentrated in one unit instead of having power in the hands of many different people in different locations
Why did Western Europe fall into a "dark age"?
Because knowledge of the ancient world became lost and people stopped learning, this time is often referred to as the Dark Ages. People stopped learning how to read and write so they could work on the manors therefore historians know very little about this time period.
What were some characteristics of the Heian Period?
Art & literature flourished, elaborate court life, etiquette, and moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government
Who was Ashoka Maurya? What did he do?
Chandragupta's grandson; brutal leader of the Maurya empire; fought in the battle of Kalinga; cries of mourners and 100,000 deaths made him regret being cruel so he converted to Buddhism and made Buddhism the law of the land
What is Confucianism? And what are the Primary beliefs?
Confucianism is a philosophical belief system in China in which we should strive for peace and harmony with others in society through proper behavior. The primary beliefs are filial piety, having respect for your elders, and the five relationships of respect.
Justinian and Theodora were _______, sole leaders with complete authority.
autocrats
What political system developed in Western Europe? Explain the system as well
Feudalism: decentralized political system in which kings throughout Europe gave land away to nobles in return for their loyalty and military service
How was Japanese feudalism different from European feudalism?
Beneath the Emperor (equivalent to a king), there was a shogun (non existent in European feudalism)
What was the silk road trade? What countries did it connected?
A network of trade routes that connected Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. They traded goods AND ideas.
What were the achievements in the Han Golden Age?
mass-production of silk, invention of paper, invention of compass, and civil service exams (to maintain a stable government) that tested people on their knowledge of Confucianism, writing, law, agriculture, geography, and military strategy.
What was Justinian's Code?
A code of law within the Byzantine Empire; Justinian simplified already existing laws so they were easy and fair for everyone
What is manorialism? What did it cause?
People living on manors and working on manors for the noble. The system of manorialism was mostly self-sufficient so people had no reason to travel outside the manor. This caused for trade to decrease.
Under the rule of Tokugawa, Japan entered into a time of _____ under a ____________.
peace under a military dictatorship.