Cold War
Cold War (1945-1991)
A war of words and threats between the United States and the Soviet Union that was marked primarily by a political and economic, rather than military, struggle between the two nations.
Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
Appeasement
Stalin tried to modernize (update) the industry (factories) and agriculture (farms) of the Soviet Union by setting economic goals every five years.
Five-Year Plans (Collectivization)
Berlin Conference
A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa
Mohandas Gandhi
Famous nationalist leader of India who fought for independence from Britain using only non-violent methods (also called civil disobedience or passive resistance).
Salt March- Famous event where Gandhi protested British taxes on salt by leading a peaceful march to the sea to make his own salt.
Boycott- Gandhi encouraged the people of India to boycott (stop buying) British products (like clothing) that were sold in India.
Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.
Iron Curtain
country that took over Korea, Manchuria (northeastern China), and much of Southeast Asia in order to gain natural resources/raw materials (like coal and iron).
Japan
This was the radical (extreme) group that was leading the Russian Revolution.
The Bolsheviks
Scramble for Africa
sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.
He was the first president of Turkey. He is considered a nationalist because he made many changes in order to strengthen Turkey
Kemal Ataturk
Berlin Wall
A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
Totalitarianism
Born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.
Cecil Rhodes
(1783–1830) was a Venezuelan military and political leader known as "El Libertador." He played a crucial role in the independence movements of several South American countries from Spanish colonial rule, leading revolutionary campaigns that freed six nations
Simón Bolívar
A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)
Marshall Plan
was an Italian politician and the founder of Italian Fascism. He served as the dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943, establishing a totalitarian regime and leading the country into World War II.
Benito Mussolini
Stalin's government system that was acheived in the name of Communism but was more like totalitarianism; benefited only government and relied on terror tactics, secret police, bogus trials and assassination
Stalinism
areas where trade was controlled by different European nations
spheres of influence
Gained independence for Kenya using violence
Jomo Kenyatta
This was a military alliance between the Soviet Union and the other Communist nations of Eastern Europe.
Warsaw Pact
"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939.
Blitzkrieg
Stalin took away food from the people of the Ukraine (an area of the Soviet Union) when they resisted (fought against) his program of collectivization. Millions of peasants in the Ukraine died of forced starvation. ( 3.5 to 7 million)
Holodomor genocide 1932 to 1933
Rudyard Kipling
British writer who wrote of "the white man's burden" and justified imperialism
Gained independence for Ghana using mostly nonviolent protest
Kwame Nkrumah