Cold War
Who were the two main superpowers during the Cold War, and their political ideology?
The United States (capitalist/democratic) and the Soviet Union (communist).
This revolution in 1789 began because of economic hardship, inequality among social classes, and a weak king
This system, promoted by Karl Marx, aims to create a classless society where workers share ownership of businesses and farms.
Communism
What is imperialism?
When a stronger country takes control of a weaker country for land, resources, or power
Enslaved Africans in Saint-Domingue revolted against French colonists, successfully ending slavery and creating an independent nation.
Power
HRV
Conflict
What was the policy of containment?
The U.S. foreign policy strategy aimed at preventing the spread of communism to other countries
He led the Bolsheviks during the 1917 Russian Revolution and promised ‘Peace, Land, and Bread.
Vladimir Lenin
During the Industrial Revolution, many workers moved from farms to cities. This is known as…
Urbanization
During the 19th century, European nations divided almost the entire continent of Africa among themselves in what was called this
Scramble for Africa / Berlin Conference
New technologies such as tanks, machine guns, and chemical weapons changed the way wars were fought, increasing both efficiency and destruction on the battlefield.
Technology
Innovation
What are NATO and the Warsaw Pact?
NATO was the military alliance formed by the US and Western democracies, while the Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Union's counterpart alliance with Eastern European states.
This leader organized enslaved Africans to successfully overthrow French colonial rule in the first successful slave revolt.
Toussaint Louverture
This invention, powered by steam, allowed factories and trains to produce and move goods faster than ever before
Steam Engine
This man from South Africa spent 27 years in jail before becoming the President of South Africa
Nelson Mandela
Peasants and urban workers rose up against heavy taxation and unfair treatment by the nobility, demanding more say in government.
Inequality
Power
HRV
What was the Iron Curtain?
A term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the imaginary boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas (the Soviet-dominated East and the US-dominated West).
Both the French Revolution and many Latin American revolutions were inspired by this intellectual movement, which promoted ideas like natural rights, equality, and the social contract.
The Enlightenment
During the Industrial Revolution, changes were made to improve conditions caused by industrialization, such as unsafe factories, overcrowded cities, and pollution. This process of making society better is known as
Reforms
In some parts of Asia & Africa, European countries didn't fully control territory but claimed exclusive trading rights or economic control in certain areas. This was known as...
Sphere of Influence
Thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu promoted ideas about natural rights, democracy, and the separation of powers, inspiring revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America.
Ideas and beliefs
What was the Arms Race & Space? Who was involved? Who won?
A geopolitical competition between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The United States is generally considered the winner of the Space Race, while the Arms Race concluded with the eventual economic collapse of the Soviet Union
This revolutionary leader helped UNIFY many regions of South America, including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, during their fight for independence from Spain
Simon Bolivar
This economic system allowed private business owners to make profits during the Industrial Revolution, often leading to poor working conditions for laborers
Capitalism
Imperialism often caused resistance from colonized peoples, leading to revolts, nationalism, and eventually independence. Give one historical example from Africa or Asia.
Sepoy Rebellion (1857-1858) India
Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) China
After the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte expanded French control across Europe, leading to wars with multiple nations as he sought to increase his power.
Power
Conflict