Ancient Civilizations
What river was crucial to the development of ancient Egypt?
The Nile River.
Who was the first European explorer to sail around the southern tip of Africa to reach India?
Vasco da Gama.
What term describes the spread of cultural beliefs, practices, and technologies from one society to another?
Cultural Diffusion
Which empire was the first to unite most of the known world under one rule, creating the Pax Romana?
The Roman Empire
What is a social hierarchy where people are ranked based on factors like wealth, power, and job status?
Social class
Which civilization is known for creating the first known written laws, known as the Code of Hammurabi?
The Babylonian Civilization (Mesopotamia).
What trade route connected China to Europe and was instrumental in the spread of goods and ideas such as silk and Buddhism?
The Silk Road.
Which ancient trade route, established during the Han Dynasty, facilitated cultural diffusion between China and regions as far as Europe?
The Silk Road
What caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
Invasions by barbarian groups like the Huns
What was the main role of women in the traditional family structure during the Industrial Revolution?
They were mainly responsible for managing the household and caring for children.
Which ancient civilization is credited with building the first known cities, such as Ur and Sumer?
The Sumerians (Mesopotamia).
Which European country was the first to establish a sea route to Asia by sailing around Africa in the late 15th century?
Portugal.
The adoption of Islam in various regions of Africa and Southeast Asia is an example of cultural diffusion through what means?
Trade and Conquest
Which empire reached its peak under the leadership of Genghis Khan?
The Mongol Empire
In ancient Egypt, what was the role of pharaohs in society?
Pharaohs were considered both political leaders and gods, with ultimate power over the people.
The Great Wall of China was originally built to protect China from invasions by which nomadic group?
The Mongols.
In the 15th century, which Portuguese explorer was the first to successfully navigate around the southern tip of Africa, opening a sea route to India?
Vasco da Gama
Which European colonial empire's influence in the Americas led to the widespread diffusion of European languages, religions, and customs?
The Spanish Empire
What led to the fall of the Aztec Empire?
The Spanish conquest led by Hernán Cortés.
In ancient Sparta, what was the main role of the helots?
The helots were enslaved people who worked the land for the Spartans.
What was the name of the ancient trade route that connected China to the Mediterranean, passing through Central Asia?
The Silk Road.
Which global trade route, developed in the 16th century, connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, and was infamous for the transatlantic slave trade?
Triangle Trade
The introduction of new crops, such as potatoes, tomatoes, and maize, to Europe from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange is an example of cultural diffusion through what process?
The Columbian Exchange
What weakened the Byzantine Empire before it fell?
The Black Death and internal conflicts
In Ancient China, how did the social system work, and what role did the Emperor play?
The social system in Ancient China was structured in a hierarchy, with the Emperor at the top as the ruler of all.