Name it
Joseph Nye coined this term describing deep interdependence involving multiple channels and issue.
What is complex interdependence?
This declaration was adopted by the United Nations in 1948 is recognised as the beginning of the formal discussion of HR around the world.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
This key concept is considered to be a sustained increase in the standard of living and well-being of a society.
Development
According to the IEP Peace Academy, there are two types of peace, what are they?
Positive and Negative peace
This theoretical perspective refers to an emphasis on interdependence between states
Liberalism
This measures (1) life expectancy (health) and (2) education (mean/expected years of schooling). It also includes GNI per capita (income)
What is HDI? (Human Development Index)
This 1949 set of treaties and additional protocols governs the protection of war victims and sets rules for conduct during armed conflict
What are the Geneva Conventions?
This key concept refers to having freedom and autonomy and can be divided into two types: positive and negative
Liberty
This list includes: Political, Economic, Institutional, Environmental and Social
What are five types of factors which can influence a nation's development?
This key concept can be defined as the dynamic process of actual or perceived opposition between individuals or groups.
Conflict
This theory argues that states act primarily to survive in an anarchic international system and emphasizes power politics
Realism (core assumptions: states are primary actors, system is anarchic, states seek power/survival).
A country can score highly on this if its citizens report high life satisfaction and have relatively long life expectancy while keeping a small ecological footprint — indicating efficient, sustainable well‑being even without high income levels (e.g., some smaller or less industrialized countries)
What is the Happy Planet Index?
This 1933 treaty defines statehood by listing criteria for a state: a permanent population, defined territory, government, and capacity to enter into relations with other states.
What is the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (1933)?
Cultural Relativism
This theory argues poorer countries remain dependent on richer 'core' states through exploitative processes and recommends import substitution. (You need its name AND its location-basis)
What is Dependency Theory/Latin American Model?
This Norwegian sociologist known to pioneer peace studies in global politics developed a triangle that seeks to explore the relationship between Behavior, Attitudes and Contradictions and how each of these elements contributes to conflict around the world.
John Galtung
This theoretical perspective advocates for free market policies, limited government intervention, trade liberalization, and privatization.
Neoliberalism
This is one example of an index or measurable phenomenon you would use to compare states’ development in the Modernization vs Dependency debate.
What is GDP per capita? (alternative acceptable answers: Human Development Index, GNI per capita, trade balance, export composition)
This UN human‑rights treaty focuses on eliminating discrimination against women (adopted 1979), and its committee monitors state implementation; name the treaty.
BONUS-give one concrete legal obligation it imposes on ratifying states.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Example obligation: States must repeal discriminatory laws and enact legislation to ensure equal rights in marriage, employment, education, and public life; they must submit periodic reports to the CEDAW Committee
This key concept is often associated with the idea of fairness and individuals getting what they deserve, but what is meant by deserve is also contested
Justice
This theoretical approach to development poses that societies progress through stages of development, moving from traditional to modern stages. It emphasizes factors such as industrialization, urbanization, technological advancement, and cultural change as essential for development.
Modernization theory
The list includes: Racism, Economic Inequality, Health Disparities, Gender-Based Violence, Ableism, Colonialism
What are forms of structural violence in international relations?
This theory specifies conditions for judging if it is just to go to war and conditions for how the war should be fought.
Just War theory
This provides multidimensional, disaggregated indicators of democracy (e.g., electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, egalitarian). It offers nuanced, component-level measures and expert-coded indices rather than a single binary classification
What is V-dem? (Varieties of Democracy Index)
This 1998 treaty created the permanent international criminal court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression
What is the Rome Statute (establishing the International Criminal Court — ICC)?
In what year was the African Charter on Human and People's Rights established?
1986
These are policy packages (austerity, liberalization, privatization, deregulation) required by lenders to access loans; associated with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank
What are Structural Adjustment Programs?
NATO bombing of civilian convoy in Kosovo (disputed examples) or incidents where civilian targets were hit — civilian-military distinction blurred.
Fair treatment of POWs violated: Abu Ghraib abuses (Iraq) — prisoners mistreated and tortured, violating fair treatment principle.
Both are examples of violating THIS element of Just War Theory.
jus in bello
This theoretical perspective focuses on a state’s power coming from 2 sources:
The material capabilities a state controls and latent power
Structural realism
This assesses the extent to which civic space (freedom of association, peaceful assembly, and expression) is open, narrowed, obstructed, repressed, or closed; an example producing "closed" would be systematic criminalization of NGOs, mass arrests of protesters, and censorship of independent media.
What is CIVICUS? (Civicus Civic Space Rating)
This international instrument or declaration that attempts to articulate human-rights norms but has cultural/religious alternatives (mentioned in directly in the text) to adopt a more culturally relative interpretation of human rights.
What is the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (1990) —
OR What is the Bangkok Declaration (ASEAN- 1993)?
This IGO originated from the Bretton Woods system to coordinate international economic policy and now hosts multilateral forums such as the G20 (through its members); name the two Bretton Woods institutions
What are the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank?
These are the six specific areas that can be focused on as possible pathways to development on a social level. (Provide three)
Concern for citizenship skills and engagement
Improving education
Improving healthcare
Changing roles of women
More ecological living
Indigenous revitalization movements
This IGO focuses on nuclear non‑proliferation and peaceful nuclear technology through safeguards and inspections; name the agency.
What is the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)?
The core-periphery model of this theory explains the relationship between highly industrialized nations (core) and less industrialized or resource-based nations (periphery), demonstrating how global economic systems contribute to disparities in development.
World Systems Theory
This measure of development understands the statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation’s residents
Gini Coefficient