General
Watch for this if injecting insulin in the same place over and over
What is Lipodystrophy. Causing a buildup of fat, protein and scar tissue
This is another name for Glycated hemoglobin- a form of hemoglobin linked to a sugar
What is A1C.. Normal value is 4-6%
This type of Diabetes is mostly young, thin, and has a genetic component. Sometimes can have an environmental or immunological component
Type 1 Diabetes
Blood glucose control and maintaining good blood pressure is a teaching point for this complication of Diabetes
What is Nephropathy
One of the names of this type is Lispro, Aspart, or Glulisine
What is rapid acting insulin. Most deadly. Onset is 5-15 minutes
These are considered the 3 P's of Diabetes
What are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
These stimulate beta cells to secrete insulin- increase binding between insulin and insulin receptors.
What are Sulfonylureas such as Glimepiride, glipizide or glyburide
What is a diagnosis of Diabetes
These deal with the smaller vessels of diabetes complications such as Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Neuropathies such as Peripheral Neuropathy
What are Microvascular changes/complications due to Diabetes
This type of insulin has no peak and is okay to give if NPO. Names include Determir and Glargine
What is long-acting insulin. Duration is 24 hours
This risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes is when you have impaired blood glucose during pregnancy as well as having a large baby
What is Gestational Diabetes
Blood glucose level around 250-800 mg/dL. serum bicarbonate 0-15mEq/L, low pH 6.8 to 7.3. PaCO2 10-30 mmHg Increased levels of creatinine, BUN, and hematocrit
Treatment - fix the hyperglycemia and dehydration through fluids usually 0.9%NS and balancing electrolytes
This type the patient must take exogenous insulin for life.
Type 1 Diabetes
What do we teach patient regarding foot care and corns or callouses?
When taking this type of insulin, food should be given around the time of onset and peak
What is NPH (Neutral protamine Hagedorn)An Intermediate - acting insulin.
This term describes how much a given food increases the blood glucose level compared with an equivalent amount of glucose
What is the glycemic index
This lab is important to determine whether many diabetic oral medications (like Metformin) can be given. It can cause a build up in the body.
What is serum creatinine level. Men 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Female is 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
Metformin is metabolized in the kidneys
Also a concern in elderly
This is not Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. It is also described as Type 1.5. Usually in thin individuals but later in life.
What is LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults) Starts in adults but happens when the pancreas stops making insulin An autoimmune process is damaging cells in the pancreas. Happens slowly
Take meds as prescribed, Test glucose more frequently, Watch for ketones in urine, take liquids every 30-60 minutes to prevent dehydration if vomiting or diarrhea, Substitute soft foods 6-8 times a day if unable to follow usual meal plan
What are Sick Day Rules
Using this type of administration requires training. A continuous dose of basal insulin is given, catheter must be changed every 3 days, and can adjust insulin based on intake
This is characterized by normal bedtime glucose, early morning(2-3am) Hypoglycemia, and then a rise later in the morning upon waking
What is Somogyi Effect. The rebound is due to hormones. Treat by decreasing the evening dose of intermediate acting insulin or increasing the bedtime snack to get you through the drop early morning
What is less than 7%
This is an elevated blood glucose of 100-125, A1C of 5.7-6.4%
The symptoms include sweating, nervousness, tachycardia, tremors, slurred speech and confusion
This is the correct way to mix insulins
What is inject air to NPH, inject air to Regular, draw up regular, and then draw up NPH. Airhead Nancy Reagan wants to be an RN. Making sure to check regular vial for crystals and clarity. Can store unopened vials in fridge in doorway. Once opened, 28 days.