Liver Glycogen Basics
After a meal, this hormone stimulates hepatocytes to store excess blood glucose as glycogen
What is insulin
The liver contains small β-glycogen particles and these larger collections of them.
What are α-particles?
This stored carbohydrate in skeletal muscle serves as a rapid energy source for contraction.
What is muscle glycogen?
Muscle glycogen supports ATP production during these two types of metabolism.
What are anaerobic and aerobic metabolism?
This organ stores about 100 g of glycogen and helps regulate blood glucose between meals.
What is the liver?
Most liver glycogen is stored in this part of the hepatocyte.
What is the cytoplasm?
Muscle glycogen is stored in this part of the muscle fiber.
What is the sarcoplasm
This process refers to the breakdown of glycogen during exercise.
What is glycogenolysis?
Unlike muscle glycogen, liver glycogen can be converted into this and released into the bloodstream.
What is free glucose?
As liver glycogen decreases during prolonged fasting, this process becomes essential for maintaining blood glucose.
What is gluconeogenesis?
These structures near glycogen granules allow quick energy use during contraction.
What are myofibrils and mitochondria?
Muscle cannot release glucose into blood because it lacks this enzyme.
What is glucose-6-phosphatase?
This state occurs between meals when liver glycogen helps maintain blood glucose levels.
What is the post-absorptive state?
The slow glucose release from α-particles is especially helpful during this condition.
What is overnight fasting?
Skeletal muscle contains approximately this amount of total glycogen in the body.
What is about 300–500 g?
These three factors stimulate muscle glycogen breakdown during exercise.
What are increased calcium, AMP, and adrenaline?
Liver glycogen can supply glucose for approximately this length of fasting.
What is about 12 hours?
Compared with β-particles, α-particles release glucose at this rate.
What is more slowly?
Muscle glycogen primarily provides energy for this tissue only.
What is the muscle itself?
Muscle glycogen is best described as this type of energy reserve.
What is a locally used (immediate) energy reserve?
Both muscle and liver store glycogen, but only one can directly raise blood glucose levels during fasting because it contains an enzyme that the other tissue lacks.
What is the liver, because it has glucose-6-phosphatase (which muscle does not)